In order to explore the characteristics of soil salt and alkali，and maize growth under different fertility-building practices in saline-alkali soil of Yinbei irrigation district，the effects of different amounts of chemical fertilizer，straw and bio-organic fertilizer on the characteristics of soil salt and alkali，the index of spring maize growth and yield were studied in typical saline alkali land of Yinbei irrigation area for three years.The results showed that:(1) The soil of T1 was in the process of desalting alkalization characterized by a lower salt content and a high pH value before maize sowing，while the high amount of chemical fertilizer or bio-organic fertilizer increased soil salt content of cultivated soil layer.Straw returning was more significant in reducing soil pH value in the early stage of maize growth.(2) The high amount of straw returning to the field was better than the application of bio-organic fertilizer and the middle-low amount of chemical fertilizer in increasing the plant height and stem diameter of maize，and the plant height and stem diameter of maize increased with the increase of organic fertilizer and straw amount.(3) In terms of increasing the ear length，ear diameter and grain weight of maize，the application of chemical fertilizer was better than straw returning or the application of bio-organic fertilizer，and in terms of increasing 100-grain weight of maize，the effect of straw returning was equivalent to that of the application of chemical fertilizer.In terms of increasing maize yield，the different fertility-building practices displayed an order of T4>T3>T2 for bio-organic fertilizer，T6>T7=T5 for straw returning，T10>T9>T8 for chemical fertilizer and T11>T12 for the mixed application.The yield of maize increased with the increase of bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application.Straw returning was better than bio-organic fertilizer in terms of increasing maize yield，and the middle amount of straw returning had a higher maize yield than high or low amount of straw returning.Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer，the combined application with bio-organic fertilizer in the experimental area for three consecutive years had shown an advantage in improving maize yield，but the combined application with straw returning had not played an advantage in improving maize yield.The straw returning had lagging effect on improving crop yield compared with bio-organic fertilizer.