In order to solve the problem of low yield and high input of most Camellia oleifera plantations，the high-efficiency nitrogen fixing bacteria，potassium bacteria and phosphorus dissolving bacteria (YC-NK03，YC-NK04，YC-NK05，YC-NK07，YC-P05，YC-P06)were isolated and purified from the rhizosphere soil of Camellia oleifera and were used as bacterial fertilizer and mixed with chemical fertilizer，and the effect of bio-compound fertilizer on Camellia oleifera and soil microecology and the optimal ratio were explored.The results of pot experiment showed that T3 group (60% nushroom bran fertihier +40% chemical fertilizer)had significant effect on promoting the growth of Camellia oleifera and soil microecology.Compared with the control group，the seedling height and ground diameter of T3 group increased by 108.64% and 45.62%，respectively，The total microbial biomass，organic matter content and hydrolyzed N，available P and available K of soil increased by 70.41%，83.26%，101.55%，118.44% and 18.63%，respectively.The results of forest field experiment showed that the type and amount of fertilizer had no significant effect on soil pH.The seedling height and ground diameter of each experimental group increased in varying degrees，but the effect of HJC(The ratio of chemical fertilizer and bacterial fertilizer is 2∶3) group was the best.This study provided a scientific basis for improving soil microecological environment and soil fertility and increasing Camellia oleifera yield.