In order to clarify the influence of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on winter wheat/summer maize yield and its control factors in Guanzhong Plain，Meta analysis was conducted based on published test data to quantitatively analyze the effects of test year，crop varieties，in-season precipitation，planting density，nitrogen application rate，irrigation water amount，soil texture，phosphorus application rate and phosphorus application ratio on crop yield in winter wheat/summer maize rotation system under the conditions of nitrogen and phosphorus application. The results showed that after 2007，the effect of nitrogen application on increasing yield was more stable. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment，the yield of summer maize with nitrogen achieved the highest increase rate when maize variety is Zhengdan958，the precipitation during the growth period is ≥350 mm，planting density is ≥60000 plants·hm-2，irrigation volume is ≥75 mm，soil texture is clay loam，and nitrogen application is within the range of 151~210 kg·hm-2，the yield increase rate of nitrogen application was 36.92%，34.00%，18.19%，42.37%，67.88%，47.96%，respectively. Nitrogen application can significantly increase the yield of winter wheat. Compared with non-nitrogen treatment，the yield of winter wheat with nitrogen achieved the highest increase rate when the winter wheat variety is Xiaoyan 22，the precipitation during the growth period is >230 mm，the irrigation amount is 46~75 mm，the soil type is loess，and the nitrogen application rate is 90～150 kg·hm-2. The yield increase rate of nitrogen application was 77.91%，79.63%，75.94%，52.06%，69.27%，respectively. When the total phosphorus application is 90~150 kg·hm-2 and the phosphorus application ratio is 0∶1(all phosphorus fertilizers are applied to the wheat season)，the total output of winter wheat，summer maize and rotation system all show the best increase in yield effect. Nitrogen application rate，irrigation water amount，phosphorus application rate，phosphorus application ratio，crop variety，planting density and soil texture are the main factors that affect the effect of fertilizer application. When separately controlled within the above range，the effect of fertilizer application can be fully exerted，which can be used as a basis for rational application of nitrogen/phosphate fertilizer in Guanzhong Plain.