氮锌配施对作物产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响研究进展
作者:
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(中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业农村部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京 100081)

作者简介:

赵丽芳(1995-),女,河南孟州人,硕士研究生,主要从事新型肥料研制与应用研究。E-mail:zhaolif@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200403)。


Effects of combined application of zinc and nitrogen fertilizers on crop yield,quality and nutrient utilization: A review
Author:
Affiliation:

(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100081)

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    摘要:

    锌是作物生长必需的微量元素之一,在作物生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用。但众所周知,锌肥施入土壤后有效性下降,利用率较低,提高锌肥有效性一直以来广受关注。而氮是作物生长发育所必需且需求量较大的营养元素,与锌元素具有协同效应,氮锌科学配施不仅可以提高锌肥有效性,也能提高氮肥利用率,并能促进作物生长和养分吸收,提高产量,但氮锌的这种协同作用因土壤类型、作物种类等的不同而不同。所以了解氮锌配施在不同土壤类型、不同作物上的应用效果及其影响因素具有重要的生产意义。通过查阅大量文献,对氮锌肥配施在不同土壤类型、不同作物上的应用效果进行了综述,并分析了氮锌配施效果的影响因素。结果显示,氮能促进作物对锌的吸收和转运,提高作物籽粒中锌的浓度;锌可通过促进氮的代谢过程,提高作物对氮素的吸收利用。氮锌配施具有明显的协同效应:(1)促进作物生长,提高作物产量,改善作物品质;(2)增加作物对氮、锌的吸收。但这种协同效应受作物种类、土壤性质、氮锌配施比例及配施方式等因素的影响,导致氮锌配施的应用效果也不同,在生产中应根据不同土壤和作物科学配施氮锌,以实现高产高效。氮锌科学配施能够促进作物高产、优质,但目前关于氮锌配施的作用机理研究还较少,氮锌配施技术也还有待进一步优化。因此,未来应加强氮锌互作机理研究,明确不同条件下氮锌配施最优比例及方式,从而为促进锌高效利用及研发氮锌肥料新产品提供技术依据和理论指导。

    Abstract:

    Zinc is one of the most important essential trace element for crops,and its application plays a crucial role in the growth and development of crops. However,when zinc fertilizer is applied to soil,its availability will decrease,leading to a low use efficiency. Therefore,improving the availability of zinc fertilizer has been widely concerned. Nitrogen is the most necessary element and in great demand for crops,and has a synergistic effect with zinc. Rational combined application of nitrogen and zinc can not only enhance zinc availability,but also improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. At the same time,this combined application also has a certain positive effect on crop growth and nutrient absorption,and increases crop yield. However,the synergistic effect of nitrogen and zinc varies with soil type and crop type. Therefore,it is of great significance to review the efficiency and its influencing factors of combined application of nitrogen and zinc on different soil types and different crops. Through analying a large number of literatures,and reviewed the research works on the combined application of nitrogen and zinc on different soil types and different crops,and analyzed the influencing factors of nitrogen-zinc fertilizer application effect,and found that: Nitrogen application can promote the absorption and transport of zinc in crops,and thus increase the concentration of zinc in crop grains. Zinc application can also improve the uptake and utilization of nitrogen by promoting nitrogen metabolism. The combined application of nitrogen and zinc has obvious synergistic effects: (1)Promote the growth,yield and quality of crops;(2)Increase the absorption of nitrogen and zinc. However,these synergistic effects vary with the different crop types,soil properties,application ratio of nitrogen and zinc and application mode. Scientific application of nitrogen and zinc is beneficial to high yield and high quality of crops,but there are few studies on the mechanism of nitrogen and zinc application at present,and the technology of nitrogen and zinc application also needs to be further optimized. Therefore,it is necessary to strengthen the research on the interaction mechanism of nitrogen and zinc,and clarify the appropriate ratio and method of nitrogen and zinc application under different conditions. This will provide technical basis and theoretical guidance for promoting efficient utilization of zinc and developing new nitrogen-zinc fertilizer products.

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引用本文

赵丽芳,袁亮,张水勤,赵秉强,林治安,李燕婷.氮锌配施对作物产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2021,(6):346-352.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-22
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-09-11
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-01-21
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