Rational use of agricultural organic waste resources and scientific application of organic fertilizers(OFs)are of great significance to improve soil fertility and agricultural products，quality and to reduce non-point source pollution. This paper reviews the possible risk factors and their hazards when OFs are applied. Heavy metals，antibiotics，environmental hormones and microplastics in OFs would result in risks of ecological contamination and agricultural product safety. The adverse effects of high salt content and insufficient maturity of OFs on crop growth，and the biological safety risks such as OFs containing pathogenic organisms of plant，animal，and human are also reviewed. Attention should be paid on the risk of biological invasion from the imported OFs. The relevant limit indexes in OFs standards were summarized.