设施葡萄智能化水肥管理体系研究
作者:
作者单位:

(1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展研究院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展学院,北京 100193;2.中国农业大学曲周实验站,河北 曲周 057250)

作者简介:

李增源(1993-),博士研究生,研究方向为植物营养。E-mail:514851596@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201303)。


Research on intelligent water and fertilizer management system of greenhouse grape
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.College of Resources and Environment,China Agricultural University/Institute of Agricultural Green Development,China Agricultural University/College of Agricultural Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;2.Quzhou Experimental Station,China Agricultural University,Quzhou Hebei 057250)

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    摘要:

    当前设施葡萄栽培中水肥盲目投入问题严重,因为缺乏灌溉决策标准导致农户实际生产中难以合理应用水肥一体化技术。利用基于NB-IoT网络传输的固态电阻传感器设备对设施葡萄根系土壤水分进行实时监测,建立了基于土壤水分张力的设施葡萄灌溉决策指标,并依托水肥一体化设备实现自动灌溉。研究结果表明:智能灌溉与施肥结合的综合管理比农户常规管理单穗重提高161 g,产量提高20.2 t/hm2,可溶性固形物含量提高31.1%,含酸量降低21.9%,维生素C含量增加4.13 mg/100 g,用水量下降至2016 t/hm2,相比于农户滴灌方式节水效率达到33.3%,灌溉和施肥总成本节省32.2%。以萌芽至开花前土壤水分压力低于30 kPa,果实生长期低于200 kPa设置灌溉决策指标基本可以实现设施水量平衡,根据土壤养分供应和作物目标产量养分吸收量设置肥料投入定额,可以用于设施葡萄水肥一体化体系智能管理。

    Abstract:

    The blind investment of water and fertilizer is a serious problem in protected viticulture at present,because of the lack of irrigation decision-making standard,it is difficult for farmers to apply water and fertilizer integration technology in practice.In this study,eVineyard integrated sensor based on NB-IoT network was used to monitor soil moisture of greenhouse grape root system in real-time,and the irrigation decision-making index of greenhouse grape based on soil moisture pressure was established,and relying on water and fertilizer integration equipment to achieve automatic irrigation. The results showed that, compared with the famer management,the ear weight of the integrated management of intelligent irrigation and fertilization was increased by 161 g,the yield was increased by 20.2 t/hm2,the content of soluble solids increased by 31.1%,acid content was decreased by 21.9%,and vitamin C content was increased by 4.13 mg/100 g.Compared with farmer’s drip irrigation,the water-saving efficiency reached 33.3%,water consumption dropped to 2016 t/hm2,and the total cost of irrigation and fertilization saved by 32.2%.Water balance can be achieved by setting irrigation decision-making index with soil water pressure less than 30 kPa in germination to flowering and less than 200 kPa in fruit growth,according to the nutrient supply of soil and the nutrient absorption of crop target yield and the fertilizer input quota can be used for the intelligent management of grape water and fertilizer integrated system.

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李增源,王绍雷,姬廷廷,张卫峰.设施葡萄智能化水肥管理体系研究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(1):73-80.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-27
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-10-25
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-09
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