A longterm field experiment with wheat-pea rotation which was established in 2001 at the central part of Gansu province in 2018. The experiment included four treatments with three replicates: T (conventional tillage)，NT (notillage)，TS (conventional tillage with straw)and NTS (notillage with straw). The environmental factors including soil carbon emission and soil quality were examined and discussed in pea field. The main findings were summarized as followed: 1) NTS improved loess soil quality. Under NTS，the soil physical，chemical and biological quality were the highest； 2) NT and NTS reduced carbon emission of loess soil and enhanced soil carbon sink function. Soil carbon emission was T>TS>NTS>NT，compared with T，NTS and NT decreased carbon emission by 21.58% and 22.96%，respectively. The soil carbon emission efficiency (CEE) under different treatments was: NTS>NT>TS>T，compared with T，under NTS，NT and TS，the soil CEE was increased by 91.43%，34.29% and 28.57%，respectively. NEP was the lowest under T treatment，and was the highest under NTS treatment，compared with T，NTS significantly increased NEP by 114.18 %，NT was the most effective method to reduce soil carbon emission and NTS straw showed a carbon sink in pea growing season. Therefore，notillage with straw practice could be considered as a reasonable agricultural management which was beneficial for the continuous improvement of farmland productivity in the arid land agricultural areas.