Soil selenium (Se) is in level enrichment in Shiquan County，China. It is of great significance for the development and utilization of characteristic agricultural resources to study the distribution characteristics and influential factors of selenium elements. In order to stimulate the development of Serich agricultural resources，soil samples were collected with the sampling density of 1 sample·km-2 for surface soil，respectively，and then the spatial distribution of soil Se and its influential factors were studied. The results showed that the content of Se in the surface soil ranged from 0.06 to 12.8 mg·kg-1 with a mean of 0.678 mg·kg-1. For the total region，about 80.28% soil of Se were sufficient and rich (0.175～0.40 mg·kg-1 and 0.40～3 mg·kg-1)，while only 3.83% was poisoning (>3 mg·kg-1)，and only 15.88% was in deficiency(<0.175 mg·kg-1). Among the different soil parent materials，the selenium enrichment area was mainly distributed in the Paleozoic strata stratigraphic zones with shale and slate as the parent material. Correlation analysis showed that the associated relationship was observed between Se and heavy metal (As，Cd，Cr，Cu，Hg，Ni，Zn and Pb) contents in surface soil. There was no significant correlation between elevation and slope with the surface soil selenium content. In addition，there was a certain positive correlation between the content of Se and pH，and it has a strong relationship with Mg，Al and Fe，but not signiftcant with K.