In order to reveal the interaction between plant and soil in an intercropping system of Phyllostachys pubescens Bletilla striata forest，three stands with different intercropping years( 1，3，4 a) were selected in Qiucun Town，Guangde City，Anhui Province，and soil microbial community diversity was analyzed using the Biolog-ECO Plate technique based on carbonsource utilization and combining with the principal component analysis. The results showed that the average well color development( AWCD)，Shannon richness and McIntosh equality indices of soil microbial community in the intercropping stands of Phyllostachys pubescens-Bletilla striata demonstrated a gradually increasing trend with the increase of intercropping years，i.e.，4 years>3 years>1 year. However，Simpson dominance index had no significant difference among intercropping years. The principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in soil microbial community distribution among different intercropping years. The six carbon sources influenced the metabolic capacity of soil microbial community to some extent. The soil microbial community diversity indices were significantly correlated with soil organic carbon，total phosphorus，and pH( P<0.05). The results indicated that soil properties were important factors controlling the metabolic activity of soil microbial community. With the increase of intercropping years，soil microbial functional diversity can be gradually improved in Phyllostachys pubescens and Bletilla striata ecosystems.