基于土壤电导率控制的养分供给对设施番茄生长、产量和品质的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展研究院/中国农业大学农业绿色发展学院,北京 100193;2.滦南县农业农村局,河北 唐山 063500)

作者简介:

潘昭隆(1996-),硕士研究生,主要研究作物养分资源管理。E-mail:panzhaolongxy@163.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题( 2016YFD0201303)。


Effects of nutrient supply based on soil EC control on tomato growth,yield and quality
Author:
Affiliation:

(1.College of Resources and Environment Sciences/National Academy of Agriculture Green Development/School of Agriculture Green Development,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;2.Luannan County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Tangshan Hebei 063500)

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    摘要:

    我国设施蔬菜生产中缺乏有效决策指标来引导养分的科学投入,过量施肥已成为设施农业可持续发展的主要瓶颈。选用土壤电导率(EC)作为控制养分投入的决策指标,探索不同土壤EC对番茄生长、产量以及品质的影响,为未来智能化设施生产提供科学依据。通过在设施番茄体系实地试验,运用可视化电导率传感器对土壤进行实时监测,并结合水肥一体化设备进行养分投入,通过测定不同土壤EC对应的番茄生长、产量以及品质指标来分析最适合番茄生长的土壤EC。结果表明,番茄的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值等指标与土壤EC呈二次曲线关系,通过营养生长末期建立的二次曲线拟合得出株高在EC为4.03 mS/cm时达到最大值,茎粗和叶片SPAD值分别在EC为2.93和2.54 mS/cm时达到最大值;干物质累积量和产量也与土壤EC呈二次曲线关系,通过模型拟合得出番茄干物质累积量在EC为2.97 mS/cm时达到最大值,单果重在EC为3.19 mS/cm时达到最大值;外形品质和营养品质多个指标也与土壤EC呈二次曲线关系,模拟结果显示番茄商品果率在EC为2.77 mS/cm时达到最大值,番茄可溶性糖、有机酸、维生素C分别在EC为2.94、3.15和3.03 mS/cm时达到最大值。土壤EC与番茄生长、产量和品质均呈二次曲线关系,将土壤EC控制在合理范围既能保障高产、高品质,也有助于控制土壤养分盈余,降低环境风险。在具备水肥一体化设备的前提下,设施番茄生产中土壤EC控制在3 mS/cm左右比较适宜。

    Abstract:

    There is a lack of effective decisionmaking indicators in the production of facility vegetables to guide the scientific input of nutrients in China,and the excessive fertilization has become an important bottleneck for the sustainable development of facility agriculture. This paper choosed soil conductivity as the decision index to control nutrient input,and explored the influence of different soil electrical conductivity (EC) on tomato growth,yield and quality to provide a scientific basis for the future production of intelligent facilities. Through the field test of the tomato system in the facility,the visual conductivity sensor was used to monitor the soil in real time,and the integrated water and fertilizer equipment was used for nutrient input. By measuring the tomato growth,yield and quality indicators corresponding to different soil conductivity,the most suitable soil EC for tomato growth was analyzed. The results showed that tomato plant height,stem thickness,leaf SPAD value and other indicators had a quadratic curve relationship with soil EC. By fitting the quadratic curve established at the end of vegetative growth,the plant height reached the maximum at EC 4.03 mS/cm,and the stem thickness and leaf SPAD values reached the maximum at EC 2.93 and 2.54 mS/cm,respectively. The dry matter accumulation and yield also showed a quadratic curve relationship with soil EC. Through model fitting,it was found that the dry matter accumulation of tomato reached the maximum at EC 2.97 mS/cm,and the weight of single fruit reached the maximum at EC 3.19 mS/cm. Multiple indicators of appearance quality and nutritional quality also showed a quadratic relationship with soil EC. The simulation results showed that the commercial fruit rate of tomato reached the maximum at EC 2.77 mS/cm,and the indicators of tomato soluble sugar,organic acid and vitamin C reached the maximum at EC 2. 94,3.15 and 3.03 mS/cm, respectively. There is a quadratic relationship between soil EC and tomato growth,yield and quality. Controlling soil EC within a reasonable range can not only ensure high yield and high quality,but also help control soil nutrient surplus and reduce environmental risks. On the premise of having integrated water and fertilizer equipment,it is more appropriate to control the soil EC in facility tomato production at about 3 mS/cm.

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潘昭隆,刘会芳,赵帅翔,马海龙,张翠英,段志平,张卫峰.基于土壤电导率控制的养分供给对设施番茄生长、产量和品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(1):163-171.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-24
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2020-09-14
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-03-09
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