A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of fertilizer reduction on soil respiration characteristics of winter wheat in Qitai wheat experiment station of Xinjiang Agricultural Science Academy.With the local conventional fertilization rate (N5P3)as control，different fertilizer reduction application amounts(N4P2，N3P2，N3P1，N2P1，N1P1，N0P1，N3P0，N0P0)were set up.The soil carbon flux measurement system LI-8100 was used to measure and analyze soil respiration and its influencing factors of winter wheat at grain filling and mature stages under reduced nitrogen and phosphorus application. Results showed that the soil respiration rate of winter wheat in all treatments ranged from 1.11 to 3.22 μmol/(m2·s)at grain filling and mature stages，and it first increased and then decreased with the reduction of nitrogen and phosphorus. Compared with the N5P3 treatment，the soil respiration of N2P1 in grain filling stage and treatments of N4P2，N3P2，N3P1，N2P1，N1P1，N3P0 in mature stage were significantly promoted(P<0.05)，and it reached the maximum at N2P1，which was 2.77 and 3.22 μmol/(m2·s)，respectively，in grain filling and mature stages.The soil respiration rate of nitrogen and phosphorus combined application(N4P2～N1P1)was significantly higher than those of no fertilizer(N0P0)，single nitrogen (N3P0)and single phosphorus(N0P1)treatments(P<0.05)，and the soil respiration rate of single nitrogen(N3P0)treatment was significantly higher than that of single phosphorus(N0P1)treatment(P<0.05).Soil respiration rate was significantly correlated with soil temperature(P<0.001).Soil temperature could explain 53.38%～90.16% of soil respiration variation in all treatments.Soil respiration had no significant correlation with soil moisture content，pH，electrical conductivity，organic matter，alkaline nitrogen，and available phosphorus.The temperature sensitivity coefficient (Q10) of soil respiration was between 1.51 and 2.58.A small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction(N4P2，N3P2)，excessive nitrogen and phosphorus reduction(N1P1)，single nitrogen application(N3P0)and single phosphorus application(N0P1)treatments had no significant effect on Q10 of soil respiration，while within a certain range of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction(N3P1 and N2P1)soil respiration was inhibited，which Q10 was 30.77%～35.47% lower than the N5P3 treatment.To sum up，within a certain range，the soil respiration rate of winter wheat at the grain filling and mature stages was increased by nitrogen and phosphorus application reduction，which promoted soil carbon emission，while the soil carbon emission was decreased by excessive application reduction，and the effect of combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus on soil respiration is greater than that of single application of nitrogen and phosphorus.In a certain range，the soil Q10 will be reduced by nitrogen and phosphorus application reduction，while a small amount or an excessive amount of nitrogen and phosphorus application has no obvious effect on Q10.