Biolog ECO microplate technology was used to explore soil microbial community diversity in litchi orchard under different fertilization methods，including the farmer conventional fertilization(T0)and different chemical fertilizer reduction methods(T1～T9).The results showed that the inflection point of the average well color development(AWCD)of soil microbial communities was appeared at the incubation time of 120 h.Orthogonal analysis of variance showed the rank of factors according to the AWCD at 120 h incubation was the inorganic fertilizer >the way of branches and leaves returning > the organic fertilizer.T2 was the best fertilization method，which applied more manure and phosphorus(P)fertilizer and covered with the crushed branches and leaves.AWCD of T9 was significantly lower than that of T2，which applied the lowest manure，inorganic fertilizer and P fertilizer，and buried with crushed branches and leaves.There were no significant differences between other treatments(T1，T3～T8).In order to compare the different effects between the farmer conventional fertilization(T0)and different chemical fertilizer reduction methods(T1～T9)，the different fertilization methods were analyzed by one-way ANOVA.AWCD and McIntosh index of T0 and T9 were significantly lower than those of T2，while other treatments were no signification.The Shannon-wiener richness index was no significant difference in all treatments. The different fertilization resulted in the variation of the carbon utilization，which mainly on the carbohydrates，amines，phenolic acids and polymers.The contents of soil available phosphorus were positively correlated with McIntosh index and the carbon utilization of amino acids.In summary，compared to the farmer conventional fertilization(T0)，the chemical fertilizer reduction method(T2)which used more manure and P fertilizer and covered with the crushed branches and leaves significantly improved the function diversity of soil microbial community.