The rhizosphere soil of cucumber continuous cropping in greenhouse for 1，3，5 and 7 years was taken as the research object.The changes in the microbial community structure and diversity in the ITS1 region of soil fungi were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology，and the function of the fungi was predicted by FUNGuild，at the same time，the changes of physicochemical properties and related enzyme activities in different continuous cropping years were determined.The results showed that the community composition of soil fungi at the phylum level changed significantly in different years of continuous cropping.The relative abundance of Ascomycota phylum did not change significantly in the third year samples but decreased by 9.94% and 28.24% in the fifth and seventh year samples.The relative abundance of Basidiomycota phylum decreased significantly and then increased year by year.The LEfSe analysis showed that the abundance of fungi in the soil increased and then decreased，but the community diversity increased.The functional prediction of the fungal communities in different years of continuous cropping showed that 479 OUTs were classified into 8 fungal functional groups，accounting for 39.75% of the total OTUs. Saprophytic bacteria are the main functional flora, followed by pathogenic bacteria/saprophytic/symbiotic transition type and plant pathogenic bacteria. The relative abundance of symbiotic bacteria and saprophytic bacteria is the highest in the seventh year continuous cropping samples. Clustering analysis of environmental factors showed that available nitrogen(AN)and urease(SUR)clustered into one group，available phosphorus(AP)and available potassium (AK)clustered into one group，and the soil fungal communities were significantly correlated with pH，AN，SUR and AP，with the effect on fungal flora as follows:SUR > AP > AN > pH.