The quality of soil fertility represents the comprehensive ability of soil productivity，which is an important basis for ensuring high quality and high yield of apple. The relationship between various soil fertility factors and fruit trees growth and development，fruit yield and quality was reviewed，and discussed the key soil fertility factors restricting the current apple yield and quality improvement in China，in order to provide theoretical basis for orchard soil management and reasonable and scientific fertilization. It is of great significance to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the apple industry.