不同有机肥和大量及微量元素配比对油茶生长及产量相关指标影响
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(1.铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院 /贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室,贵州 .铜仁 554300;2.湖南应用技术学院农林科技学院,湖南 常德 415000)

作者简介:

胡玉玲(1977-),教授,博士,主要从事经济林栽培与育种研究。E-mail:huyulin@126.com。

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基金项目:贵州省科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2019]2312号,[2020]1Y059号);湖南省高等学校“双一流”学科建设项目(应用特色学科)(湘教通[2018]469);贵州省林业厅林业科研课题(黔林科合[2020]06号);贵州省教育厅平台项目(黔教合 KY字[2019]052);贵州省科技厅平台项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]2003)。


Effects of different ratios of organic fertilizer,large and trace elements on growth and yield of oil-tea camellia
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(1.Schoolof Agriculture and Forestry Engineering and Planning,Tongren College/Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation andUtilization in FanjingshanRegion,Guizhou Province,Tongren Guizhou554300;2.College of Agriculture and ForestryScience andTechnology,Hunan Applied TechnologyUniversity,Changde Hunan415000)

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    摘要:

    为获得油茶( Camellia oleiferaAbel)的最佳肥料配方,对盛果期油茶林进行不同肥料配方的施用试验,试验选用 13个因素各 3个水平 27个处理的正交试验设计,对 9年生油茶林开展不同水平有机肥料及营养元素组配施肥试验研究,在油茶不同生育期分别测定春梢、叶片、开花和 2年产量等指标,并分析和比较油茶生长发育和产量相关指标及各养分元素对油茶各项指标影响的权重,据此明确肥料养分配比,以期为油茶高效栽培推荐最佳专用肥配方。结果表明:磷元素对顶梢和一级侧梢影响较大,镁对二级和三级侧梢影响较大,促进春梢生长最佳肥料配方为 1.5 kg有机肥中加入 0.1 kg尿素、0.05 kg过磷酸钙、0.2 kg氯化钾、62 mg/L硼酸和 493 mg/L硫酸镁;有机肥对叶片相关指标影响较大,其次是钾元素,促进叶片生长最佳肥料配方为 1.5 kg有机肥中加入 0.05 kg尿素、0.2 kg过磷酸钙、0.1 kg氯化钾、4930 mg/L硫酸镁和 2.78 mg/L七水硫酸亚铁;磷对开花时间影响最大,其次是钾和氮,最佳肥料配方为 0.5 kg有机肥中加入 0.2 kg尿素、0.2 kg过磷酸钙、0.2 kg氯化钾、62 mg/L硼酸、4930mg/L硫酸镁、27.8 mg/L七水硫酸亚铁和 0.25 mg/L四水钼酸铵;硼元素对当年产量及结果数量影响较大,其次是钾和铁元素;磷元素对下一年产量影响最大,钾元素次之;提高油茶产量最佳肥料配方为 1.5 kg有机肥加入 0.05 kg尿素、0.2 kg过磷酸钙、0.1 kg氯化钾、62 mg/L硼酸、493 mg/L硫酸镁和 2.5 mg/L四水钼酸铵。结合叶片、产量指标和化肥减施及施肥成本等因素,认为在贵州铜仁地区,推荐盛果期油茶肥料配方为每株 1.5 kg有机肥配施 0.05 kg尿素、0.2kg过磷酸钙、0.1 kg氯化钾、62 mg/L硼酸、4930 mg/L硫酸镁、2.78 mg/L七水硫酸亚铁及 0.25 mg/L四水钼酸铵。

    Abstract:

    In order to obtain the best fertilizer formula of oil-teacamellia,different fertilizer formulas were appliedduring the productionperiod,the 9 -year trees were selected to apply different levels of fertilizer and nutrientelements,13 factors wereselected,each factor was set with threelevels,and 27 treatments orthogonal design wascarried out.The spring shoots,leaves,flowers,and two -year yields were measured in different growth stages. The indicators related to the growth and yield of oil-tea camellia and the weights of each nutrient element on the various indicators of oil-tea camellia were analyzed and compared,so as to provide the best special fertilizer forefficient cultivation of oil-tea camellia.The results showed that phosphorus had a great influence on top shoot andprimary lateral shoot,while magnesium had a great influence on secondary and tertiary lateral shoot.The bestfertilizer formula for promoting spring shoot growth was 1.5 kg organic fertilizer with 0.1 kg urea,0.05 kg calciumsuperphosphate,0.2 kg potassiumchloride,62 mg/L boric acid and 493 mg/L magnesium sulfate for eachplant.The organic fertilizer had great influence on leaf related indexes,followed by potassium element,the best fertilizerformula for promoting leaf growth was 1.5 kg organic fertilizer with 0.05 kg urea,0.2 kg calcium superphosphate,0.1 kgpotassiumchloride,4930 mg/L magnesium sulfate and 2.78 mg/L ferrious sulfate heptahydrate ferric salt for eachplant.Phosphorus had greatest effect on floweringtime,followed by potassium andnitrogen,and the best fertilizer formula forpromoting flowering time was 0.5 kg organic fertilizer with 0.2 kgurea,0.2 kgcalciumsuperphosphate,0.2 kg potassiumchloride,62 mg/L boricacid,4930 mg/L magnesiumsulfate,27.8 mg/L ferroussalfate and 0.25 mg/L ammonium molybdatetetrahydrate.The boron had a great influence on the yield and fruiting quantity of the currentyear,followed by potassiumandiron,phosphorus had the greatest influence on the yield of the nextyear,followed bypotassium,the fertilizer formulafor promoting the yield was 1.5 kg organic fertilizer with 0.05 kgurea,0.2 kg calcium superphosphate,0.1 kg potassiumfertilizer,62 mg/L boricacid,493 mg/L magnesium sulfate and 2.5 mg/L ammonium molybdatetetrahydrate.Combinedwith the factors ofleaves,yieldindex,fertilizer reduction andcost,it was suggested that 1.5 kg organic fertilizer with 0.05kgurea,0.2 kg calciumsuperphosphate,0.1 kg potassiumfertilizer,62 mg/L boricacid,4930 mg/L magnesiumsulfate, 2.78 mg/L ferroussalfate and 0.25 mg/L ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate was recommended for full fruit stage of oil-teacamellia inTongren,Guizhou.

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胡玉玲,潘忠飞,龙雪燕,杨小菊,杨胜优,杨红.不同有机肥和大量及微量元素配比对油茶生长及产量相关指标影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(4):148-160.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-10
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  • 录用日期:2021-02-02
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-06-13
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