青贮玉米高产与环境友好型施肥模式探究
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(内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,内蒙古自治区土壤质量与养分资源重点实验室,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018)

作者简介:

赵世翔(1989-),讲师,博士,主要从事养分资源高效管理。E-mail:zhaoshixiang1989@126.com。 通讯作者:李斐,E-mail:feili72@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0800802);内蒙古农业大学人才科研启动项目(NYDB2017-2)。


Study on high yield and environment friendly fertilization mode of silage corn
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(College ofGrassland,Resources andEnvironment,Inner Mongolia AgriculturalUniversity,Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Soil Quality and NutrientResource,Huhehot Inner Mongolia010018)

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    摘要:

    针对目前内蒙地区青贮玉米种植过程中肥料施用不合理等突出问题,通过田间试验,探究了青贮玉米田不同养分投入模式对其产量、经济效益和环境等的影响。结果表明:传统施肥模式中,以氮肥为主的肥料基施是导致青贮玉米低产的主要原因,基于土壤测试的基肥加追肥模式和光谱全追肥模式下青贮玉米产量分别为 67500和 73000 kg·hm -2,与传统施肥模式相比,分别增产 12500和 23500 kg·hm -2,增幅分别为 36.4%和47.4%,分别净增收 103%和 119%。相比传统施肥模式,基于土壤测试的基肥加追肥模式和光谱全追肥模式氮肥利用率分别提高了 98.1%和 106.4%,氮肥的表观损失仅分别为传统模式的 21.8%和 5.6%,有效地提高了肥料利用率且明显地减少了氮素的流失,降低了环境风险。研究结果可为内蒙古青贮玉米可持续发展和经济环境双赢提供技术支撑和保障。

    Abstract:

    The purpose was to solve the unreasonable utilization of water and fertilizer resources in silage corn cultivation.The effects of different nutrient input models onyield,economic benefit and environment of silage corn were studied by fieldexperiment.The results showed that the low yield of silage corn under traditional fertilization model(CON)was mainlycaused by the base application of nitrogenfertilizer.The yield of silage corn under the base fertilizer plus topdressing modelbased on soiltest(PAT -1)and the full topdressing model based onspectrum(PAT -2)were 67500 and 73000 kg·hm -2,respectively.Compared withCON,PAT -1 and PAT-2 increased the yield by 12500 and 23500 kg·hm-2,with an increaseof silage corn by 36.4% and47.4%,respectively.Meanwhile,the net income under PAT -1 and PAT-2 model increasedby 103% and 119% as compared with CON,respectively.The nitrogen utilization efficiency was increased by 98.1% and 106.4% in PAT-1 and PAT-2 model as compared withCON.The apparent losses of nitrogen fertilizer in PAT -1 and PAT-2were only 21.8% and 5.6% of that inCON.PAT -1 and PAT-2 model are superior to the CON model in economic benefits andyield of silagemaize,especially for the model of PAT -2.Our result is of great significance for guiding the actual production of silage corn and for achieving an environment-friendly society.

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赵世翔,魏邦泰,李斐.青贮玉米高产与环境友好型施肥模式探究[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(4):169-177.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-12-18
  • 最后修改日期:
  • 录用日期:2021-03-12
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-06-13
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