It is the common consensus of the international community to reduce the amount of fertilizer and increase efficiency.Chemical fertilizer is an important support for national foodproduction，but the blindness of agricultural production leads tothe abuse of chemicalfertilizer，which has a negative impact on crops and the ecologicalenvironment，and is not conduciveto the healthy and sustainable development ofagriculture.Currently，the reduction and efficiency enhancement of chemical fertilizers in China takes“refinement，adjustment，modification and replacement”as the technological path to promotegreen productionmethods.The techniques of reducting the amount and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizersare summarized，and the agronomy and ecological environmental effects after the reduction and efficiency enhancementare discussed.The reduction of chemical fertilizers and the increase of efficiency are conducive to improving soil fertility，improving soil biodiversity and soilhealth，while ensuring crop yields and improving the quality of agricultural products，and it also has a positive effect on agricultural non-point source pollution control，ammonia and greenhouse gas emission reduction.In thefuture，on the basis of fully learning from the environment -friendly agriculture of developedcountries，China shouldadhere to the development of modern agriculture that is adapted to local conditions，with technological innovation andpolicies benefittingpeople，and establish a long -term mechanism and standard system for reducing fertilizer consumption and increasing efficiency.