Nitrification inhibitor 2-chloro-6-trichlorlmethyl pyridine was one of the key technologies for stable fertilizer typeⅡ.Its good agronomic and environmental benefits provide an important way to realize agricultural cost saving and efficiencyincreasing.The research and development history and action mechanism of nitrapyrin at home and abroad are systematicallyreviewed.This paper also comprehensively reviewed the ecological and environmental effects ofnitrapyrin，elaborated theinfluencing factors of the nitrification inhibition potential of nitrapyrin，and looked forward to the development directionof future research，which will provide an important reference value for how to play the potential of nitrapyrin，reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in the future.