不同施氮量及施氮方式对水稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响
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(安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,养分循环与资源环境安徽省重点实验室,安徽 合肥 230031)

作者简介:

王家宝(1989-),助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为新型肥料与高效施肥。E-mail:wangjiabao19900804@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200806);安徽省农业科学院作物高产与养分资源高效利用团队(2020YL065)。


Effects of different nitrogen application rates and methods on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields
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(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling,Resources and Environment of Anhui,Hefei Anhui 230031)

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    摘要:

    施用缓控释氮肥是降低稻田土壤氨挥发损失的常用措施之一。将缓控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施,可以解决水稻对氮素的需求与降低氮素损失之间的矛盾。在保证水稻产量的前提下,以减少稻田氨挥发损失、提高氮肥利用效率以及降低环境污染为目的,采用大田裂区试验的方法,设置不施氮肥和施氮量分别为60(N60)、120(N120)、180(N180)、240(N240)kg·hm-2 5个施氮水平,以及氮肥一次性施用(SF)及氮肥一基二追(TF)2种施肥方式,研究不同氮肥用量及运筹模式对水稻田氨挥发、氮肥利用率以及水稻产量的影响:结果表明,氮肥施用方式和施氮量对水稻田氨挥发损失量影响显著,同一施氮方式下,稻田土壤氨挥发损失量随着施氮量增加而增加,SF各处理氨挥发损失量为14.46~23.74 kg·hm-2,TF各处理的氨挥发损失量则为23.3~47.74 kg·hm-2,SF氨挥发损失量比TF降低37.9%~50.3%;氮肥施用方式显著影响氮肥表观利用率和氮肥偏生产力,SF和TF的最大氮肥表观利用率均出现在N180,分别为50.02%和38.68%;低施氮量(N60)和高施氮量(N240)时,TF氮肥偏生产力高于SF,而施氮量为120(N120)kg·hm-2、180(N180)kg·hm-2时,SF比TF氮肥偏生产力分别高出3.32和5.58 kg·kg-1;施氮量极显著影响水稻的氮素吸收量和氮肥农学利用率;SF和TF的最高产量分别出现在N180和N240,且SF高于TF,两者相差465.3 kg·hm-2。缓控释氮肥与速效氮肥配施一次性施肥可以有效降低稻田氨挥发损失,同时提升氮肥表观利用率和偏生产力,且能在施氮量较低的情况下获得较高产量,在水稻氮肥管理上具有应用价值。

    Abstract:

    The application of slow and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer is one of the common measures to reduce the loss of ammonia volatilization in paddy soil.Combining slow and controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer with quick acting nitrogen fertilizer can solve the contradiction between rice demand for nitrogen and reducing nitrogen loss. In order to reduce ammonia volatilization loss,improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce environmental pollution on the premise of ensuring rice yield,field split plot experiment was adopted.In order to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates and nitrogen application methods on ammonia volatilization,nitrogen use efficiency and rice yield,five nitrogen application levels of 60 (N60),120 (N120),180 (N180) and 240 (N240) kg·hm-2 were set up,and two fertilization methods of base application(SF) and half fertilizer applying by base application with twice topdressing of the other half (TF) were used. The results showed that nitrogen application methods and nitrogen rates had significant effects on ammonia volatilization in rice field.Under the same nitrogen application mode,ammonia volatilization loss of paddy soil increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The ammonia volatilization loss of SF was 14.46~23.74 kg·hm-2,while that of TF was 23.3~47.74 kg·hm-2,and the ammonia volatilization loss of SF was 37.9%~50.3% lower than that of TF.The apparent nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity were significantly affected by nitrogen application methods.The maxium apparent nitrogen use efficiency of SF and TF appeared at N180,50.02% and 38.68%,respectively.The partial nitrogen productivity of TF was higher than that of SF at low nitrogen application rate (N60) and high nitrogen application rate (N240),while the partial nitrogen productivity of SF was higher than that of TF at 120 (N120) kg·hm-2 and 180 (N180) kg·hm-2 by 3.32 and 5.58 kg·kg-1,respectively.The nitrogen application rate significantly affected the nitrogen uptake and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of rice.The highest yield of SF and TF appeared in N180 and N240,respectively,and SF was higher than TF,with a difference of 465.3 kg·hm-2.The combined application of slow controlled and release nitrogen fertilizer and quick acting nitrogen fertilizer can reduce the ammonia volatilization loss of rice field effectively,improve the apparent utilization rate and partial productivity of nitrogen,and achieve higher yield under the condition of low nitrogen application,which is of practical value in the management of nitrogen fertilizer in rice.

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王家宝,邬刚,袁嫚嫚,井玉丹,王文军,张祥明,孙义祥.不同施氮量及施氮方式对水稻田氨挥发及氮肥利用率的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(5):10-17.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-01-31
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  • 录用日期:2021-04-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-07-08
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