In view of the unclear characteristics of phosphorus absorption，distribution and soil phosphorus accumulation in pepper production in Southwest China，the dynamic process of phosphorus accumulation，distribution and soil phosphorus accumulation in different organs of pepper in different periods was clarified through field experiments，and the optimal phosphorus fertilizer application amount based on pepper yield，phosphorus absorption and environmental risk was clarified. The experiment was carried out in 2018 with local varieties of pepper.Five phosphorus application levels (P 0，33，65，131，393 kg/hm²).were set up，the dry weight，phosphorus concentration，phosphorus accumulation of pepper organs，soil phosphorus accumulation，soil available phosphorus concentration，soil water-soluble phosphorus concentration and other indicators were determined.The results showed that with the increase of phosphorus application amount，the dry weight of stem，leaves and fruits increased significantly at the flowering stage and harvest stage，with the increase of 50.0% ～ 150% and 50.0% ～ 175% at the flowering stage and 39.7% ～ 122%，66.7% ～ 143% and 15.2% ～ 51.0% at the harvest stage，respectively；the phosphorus accumulation increased significantly.In portrcular，phosphorus application increased the phosphorus accumulation in stem and leaves at the early flowering stage by 63.6%～200% and 40.9%～177%，respectively，and phosphorus fertilization increased the accumulation of phosphorus in stem，leaves and fruits at harvest time by 50.0%～230%，62.5%～194% and 15.0% ～ 47.7%，respectively.There was no significant increase in the concentration of phosphorus in stem，leaves and fruits at flowering stage and harvest stage； phosphorus application increased the concentration of soil available phosphorus and soil water-soluble phosphorus by 17.7%～324% and 26.8% ～ 181%，respectively.The critical value of available phosphorus concentration and soil water-soluble phosphorus concentration was 22.9 mg/kg.Considering the yield，phosphorus absorption and environmental risk of pepper，the appropriate phosphorus application rate in this study is P 65 kg/hm².Therefore，in the actual production of pepper，reasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer is of great significance to achieve environmentally friendly production within the critical value of phosphorus leaching，and at the same time，it can tap the potential of agricultural production.