This paper aimed to research the effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with straw application on gaseous methane(CH4) emission from paddy field under different water management patterns，and an outdoor rice pot experiment was conducted with aquic brown soil in northeast China based on two water management patterns of continuous flooding(CF) and alternate wetting and drying(AWD)，four treatments were set up:control(CK)，straw(S)，urea(U)，urea+straw(US). CH4 emissions were monitored throughout the rice growing season，and soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC) content during different growth periods and rice yield after harvest were determined.The results showed that the cumulative emission of CH4 was lower in AWD than that in CF.There was no significant difference in CH4 cumulative emission between CK and U treatments under the two water mangement patterns，while the CH4 cumulative emission was significantly increased in the treatment with straw addition(S，US).The cumulative CH4 emission of US treatment was significantly higher than that of S treatment under CF mode，but it showed the opposite pattern under AWD mode.The AWD mode didn’t significantly reduce the yield of rice while reducing CH4 emissions.The application of urea significantly increased the yield of rice.Although the straw returning to the field had no significant effect on the yield of rice，it significantly increased the soil MBC content，contributing to soil fertility.Compared with CF mode，AWD mode significantly reduces the emission of CH4.US reduces CH4 emission and ensures rice yield in the AWD mode，and at the same time increases soil MBC content，which is conducive to soil fertility.Therefore，AWD is a better mode of water management in paddy fields with aquic brown soil in northeast China，while U and US treatment are the better methods of fertilization.