The effects of intercropping Pinto peanut with litchi on soil physical and chemical properties，enzyme activities and bacterial diversity of litchi orchard were explored to provide theoretical basis and technical support for healthy cultivation of litchi.The soil samples from 10～20 cm depth of litchi intercropping Pinto peanut and litchi monoculturing mode were selected to determine the contents of physical and chemical factors such as acidic available phosphorus，total phosphorus and available potassium，enzyme activities such as sucrase，protease and urease.16S rRNA V4～V5 region of soil bacterial communities in litchi/Pinto peanut intercropping mode and litchi monoculturing mode were detected by Illumina MiSeq sequencing platform.The results showed that in terms of physical and chemical factors，the available potassium content of litchi/Pinto peanut intercropping mode was significantly increased by 138.9%，the available nitrogen content was significantly decreased by 19.6%，and the pH was slightly decreased without significant difference，compared with those of litchi monoculturing mode； In the light of soil enzyme activity，sucrase，acid protease，urease，catalase and polyphenol oxidase were extremely significantly or significantly improved； As regards the soil bacterial community diversity，the Chao1 index，ACE index and Simpson index significantly increased by 5.5%，5.2% and 3.7%； In the aspect of soil bacterial community structure，the main dominant phyla of the two groups were Acidobacteria，Proteobacteria，Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria； The main dominant bacteria genera were Gp1，Gp2，Gp3，Gp4，Gp6，Bacillus and Gaiella.Intercropping significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria，Actinobacteria，Rhodoplanes，Gaiella and Flavobacterium，but significantly decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria，Gemmatimonas and Gp2.From the results of redundancy analysis，the available nitrogen，pH，total phosphorus and available phosphorus were the main physicochemical factors affecting the structure of soil bacteria.The difference of bacterial community structure in monocropped soil was mainly caused by the change of pH，while the difference of bacterial community structure in intercropped soil was mainly affected by available nitrogen.What’s more，Gp1，Gp2，Gp3 and Gp7 in the Actinobacteria subgroup were positively correlated with pH. Gp4，Gp5 and Gp6 were negatively correlated with pH.Bacillus was positively correlated with available nitrogen.Most of the genera，such as Gaiella，Bacillus and Flavobacteria，were negatively correlated with physicochemical factors.Therefore，intercropping Pinto peanut under litchi orchard can not only improve soil physical and chemical properties as well as enzyme activity，but also increase soil bacterial richness and diversity，so as to promote the effective absorption of nutrient elements by the root system of litchi，and explore a new path for farmers to effectively utilize the open space between the rows of litchi gardens and realize the healthy cultivation of litchi.