砷-重金属复合污染土壤稳定化材料研究进展
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(清华大学环境学院,北京 100084)

作者简介:

黄歆晶(1998-),大学,主要研究方向为多金属复合污染土壤的长效风险阻抗材料与技术研发。E-mail:sinjin1998@gmail.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1808000);国家自然科学基金项目(42077118)。


Emerging materials for the stabilization of soils contaminated by arsenic and heavy metals
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(School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

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    摘要:

    我国土壤重金属污染现状十分严峻,多金属复合污染,尤其是砷-重金属复合污染普遍存在,治理难度大。土壤中累积的多金属污染物严重威胁土壤健康、农产品安全与人居环境安全。因此,多金属复合污染土壤修复是土壤污染治理和风险防控的重要命题。固化/稳定化技术是我国最为广泛使用的污染土壤修复技术,通过投加稳定化材料,降低多金属污染物在土壤中的可迁移性与生物有效性,从而实现多金属污染物暴露途径的有效阻断。对砷-重金属型复合污染土壤的稳定化作用机理进行了详细阐述并梳理了应对砷-重金属复合污染土壤的新型修复材料。砷与其它重金属的协同稳定化主要通过表面络合与沉淀作用实现。富含铁、钙元素的材料对这种类型土壤的稳定化具有优异的作用效果。砷-重金属协同稳定化材料的修复效果取决于稳定化材料的类型、复合污染物的种类、材料施用量、土壤条件(如pH,氧化还原电位、阳离子交换量等),其中pH和土壤可溶性有机质含量对稳定化效果有显著的影响。本文发现,功能化生物质复合材料、工业固废基材料、改性复配天然矿物等绿色修复材料是近年来研究的热点。未来的研究亟须考虑砷与重金属污染物协同稳定剂的长效性,以及通过大田试验验证新型材料的应用潜能。

    Abstract:

    In China,the widespread pollution of soils with metals and metalloids,polymetallic composite pollution,especially soil contaminated by As and heavy metals is difficult to govern.Polymetallic pollutants accumulated in soil seriously threaten soil health,agricultural product safety and human settlements.Therefore,the remediation of multi-metal contaminated soil is an important proposition for the risk management of contaminated soils.Solidification/Stabilization is the most widely used soil remediation technology in China.This remediation method is based on the reduction of heavy metal bioavailability and mobility via the addition of amendments,thereby effectively blocking the exposure pathway of polymetallic pollutants.The stabilization mechanisms of As and heavy metals,and to summarize emerging materials for metal immobilization.The main immobilization mechanisms involved in the immobilization process are surface complexation and precipitation.Amendments rich in iron and calcium have proven to be effective for the remediation of As and heavy metal contaminated soils.It has been observed that the effectiveness of soil remediation depends on the type of amendments,pollutants,the application rate,and soil characteristics such as cation exchange capacity,redox potential,organic matter content and pH.This paper summarizes recent advances on the research of the biomass-derived engineering composites (e.g.,biochar composites),industrial waste-derived materials,natural minerals and other green materials.Future research on long-term effectiveness of these novel material-based immobilization should be conducted.More field trials evaluating the stability of the amendments in the treated soils and their efficiency in the long run need to be highlighted.

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黄歆晶,王刘炜,侯德义.砷-重金属复合污染土壤稳定化材料研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(5):225-236.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-03
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  • 录用日期:2021-03-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-07-08
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