A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of organic acids in root exudates and phosphorus uptake in maize and soybean intercropping under different phosphorus rates.The results showed that compared to monocropping，intercropping increased the grain yield of maize and soybean under P50 and P100 rates by 70.82%，52.67% and 22.46%，16.62%，respectively.Under the two phosphorus rates，maize and soybean intercropping had an obvious phosphorus uptake advantage with land equivalent ratio (LERP)of P uptake ranged from 1.32 to 1.56，and the LERP was not affected by phosphorus rates.The phosphorus uptake of intercropped maize and soybean were not declined in the P50 rate，compared with monocropping at conventional phosphorus level (P100).Intercropping altered the types of organic acids exuded by maize and soybean roots，and significantly increased the exudation rate of organic acids，and the highest exudation rate was attained in intercropping under P50 rate.Therefore，the increase of organic acids exudation induced by intercropping is one of the important mechanisms driving the efficient phosphorus uptake of maize and soybean under different phosphorus rates. Maize and soybean intercropping has the potential to reduce phosphorus fertilizer application while maintain crop yield and phosphorus uptake.