不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及水稻产量的影响
作者:
作者单位:

(1.扬州大学,江苏 扬州 225009;2.江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏 扬州 225009;3.江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室,江苏 扬州 225009;4.江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏 扬州 225009)

作者简介:

陈婉华(1997-),硕士研究生,研究方向为作物栽培与耕作学。E-mail:392342531@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:科技部重点研发计划项目“肥料养分推荐方法与限量标准:秸秆还田养分高效利用机理”(2016YFD0200107);科技部国家科技支撑计划“盐碱地水稻高产高效配套栽培技术研究”(2015BAD01B03);江苏省科技支撑计划“盐碱地水稻机插高产高效栽培技术集成创新与示范”(BE2015337);江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目“作物学”(2018-12)。


Effects of different tillage methods and straw returning treatments on soil enzyme activities and rice yield
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(1.Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;2.Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;3.Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;4.Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)

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    摘要:

    为探索不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及水稻产量的影响,在水稻抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期,对土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性进行测定。试验共设置6个处理,分别为:免耕+全量秸秆还田(NTS)、麦耕稻免+半还田(RT1)、麦免稻耕+半还田(RT2)、翻耕+全量还田(CTS)、少耕+半还田(MTS)、连耕+不还田(CT)。结果表明:(1)各处理的土壤酶活性均随土壤深度的增加而下降;(2)土壤酶在不同时期活性差异显著,过氧化氢酶和酸性磷酸酶活性在3个时期先减后增,脲酶和蔗糖酶活性则与之相反;(3)在0~7和7~14 cm土层中,NTS处理土壤酶活性最高,显著高于其他处理,与CT处理相比,抽穗期NTS处理过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性在0~7 cm土层分别提高了121.38%、57.44%、63.37%、80.92%,在7~14 cm土层分别提高了130.42%、40.61%、52.40%、85.23%,在14~21 cm土层中,不同耕作方式对土壤酶活性无显著影响,秸秆还田处理下的土壤酶活性>秸秆不还田处理,与CT处理相比,抽穗期CTS处理过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶活性分别提高了28.05%、15.32%、4.90%、59.01%;(4)CTS和MTS处理水稻产量较高,与CT处理相比,分别提高了13.71%和12.36%。综合以上结果表明,不同处理间土壤酶活性和水稻产量均存在显著差异,适量秸秆还田结合少耕是最适宜本地区的耕作

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning treatments on soil enzyme activities and rice yields,soil catalase,acid phosphatase,urease,and invertase activities at rice heading,grain filling,and maturation stages were determined.A total of 6 treatments were set up in this study,including no-tillage with all straw returning(NTS),plow tillage of wheat and no-tillage of rice with half straw returning(RT1),no-tillage of wheat and plow tillage of rice with half straw returning(RT2),plow tillage with all straw returning(CTS),less tillage with half straw returning(MTS),plow tillage with no straw returning(CT).The results showed that:(1)The soil enzyme activity of each treatment decreased with the increase of soil depth.(2)The activity of soil enzymes was significantly different in different periods.The activities of catalase and acid phosphatase first decreased and then increased in the three periods,while the activities of urease and sucrose had an opposite trend.(3)In the 0~7 and 7~14 cm layer,the soil enzyme activity of NTS treatment was the highest.Compared with CT,activities of soil catalase,acid phosphatase,urease,and invertase of NTS at rice heading stage increased by 121.38%,57.44%,63.37% and 80.92% in the 0~7 cm layer,and increased by 130.42%,40.61%,52.40% and 85.23% in the 7~14 cm layer,respectively.In the 14~21 cm layer,different tillage methods had no significant effect on the soil enzyme activity,and the soil enzyme activity followed a descending order of straw returning and no straw returning.Compared with CT,activities of soil catalase,acid phosphatase,urease,and invertase of CTS at rice heading stage increased by 28.05%,15.32%,4.90% and 59.01%,respectively.(4)The yields of rice in the treatments of CTS and MTS were higher.Compared with CT,yield of CTS and MTS increased by 13.71% and 12.36%,respectively.The above results show that the activity of soil enzymes and rice yield are significantly different under different treatments.And less tillage with appropriate amount of straw returning is the most suitable farming method in this area.

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陈婉华,袁伟,王子阳,周正萍,刘世平.不同耕作方式与秸秆还田对土壤酶活性及水稻产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(7):162-169.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-03-31
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  • 录用日期:2021-04-30
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-09-15
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