Developing optimized nitrogen management practice is crucial for mitigating nitrogen runoff loss and reducing the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution，and ensuring crop yield in paddy rice system.A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different nitrogen management practices on nitrogen runoff loss and crop yield.A total of 29 peer-reviewed papers and 109 treatment pairs were selected by a global literature review.Results showed that chemical nitrogen fertilizer，organic nitrogen fertilizer substitution，and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitution increased nitrogen runoff loss by N 6.73，1.21 and 3.40 kg/hm²，respectively，compared with no fertilization treatments.Compared with the single application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer，organic nitrogen fertilizer and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer substitutions decreased 82.0% and 49.5% of nitrogen runoff loss，respectively，without reduction in crop yield.Moreover，the ratio of nitrogen runoff loss to total nitrogen input of organic nitrogen fertilizer(2.33%)and slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(2.04%)substitution treatments was significant smaller than that of chemical nitrogen fertilizer treatments(4.34%).Under different nitrogen application rates，the amount of nitrogen runoff loss showed no significant difference when the nitrogen application rates were less than N 240 kg/hm²，and within the 95% confidence interval of N 4.40 to 6.96 kg/hm².And the amount of nitrogen runoff loss increased significantly with the nitrogen application rate when nitrogen input was above N 240 kg/hm².The nitrogen application rates from N 120 to 180 kg/hm² was recommend to minimize nitrogen runoff loss and meanwhile maintaining high crop yield.In addition，the fertilization times also significantly impacted nitrogen runoff loss.Two，three and four split applications significantly reduced nitrogen runoff loss，with the average ratios of 1.87%，3.54% and 3.21%，respectively，compared to one-off application(10.20%).These results provide decision supports for developing best N management practices in paddy rice system.