添加腐植酸与生化抑制剂的稳定性增效尿素在黑土中的施用效果
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(1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110016;2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;3.北方华锦化学工业集团有限公司,辽宁 盘锦 124021;4.锦西天然气化工有限责任公司,辽宁 葫芦岛 125001;5.中国科学院沈阳生态实验站,辽宁 沈阳 110107)

作者简介:

肖富容 (1997-),硕士研究生,研究方向为植物营养与新型肥料。E-mail: xiaofurong0911@163.com。

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0200707)。


Effect of high efficiency and stability urea added with humic acid and biochemical inhibitors in black soil
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(1.Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110016;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;3.North Huajin Chemical Industries Group Corporation,Panjin Liaoning 124021;4.Jinxi Natural Gas Chemical Co.Ltd.,Huludao Liaoning 125001;5.National Field Research Station of Shenyang Agroecosystems,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang Liaoning 110107)

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    摘要:

    研究同时添加生化抑制剂与生物刺激素腐植酸的稳定性增效尿素在黑土中的施用效果,明确在黑土中生物刺激素腐植酸与生化抑制剂结合对尿素态氮转化的调控作用,为研究适宜黑土的生物刺激素腐植酸与生化抑制剂结合的稳定性增效尿素专用配方提供理论依据。试验以不施氮肥(CK)及施用普通尿素(N)为对照,在尿素中分别添加腐植酸(H)、脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)、硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶(CP)以及各生化抑制剂与腐植酸组合,共9个处理。通过盆栽试验,监测不同处理的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮、玉米生物学指标、产量,计算土壤硝化抑制率、玉米籽粒吸氮量、玉米植株总吸氮量及尿素肥料氮利用率等指标。结果表明,相比单独施用尿素肥料,腐植酸及生化抑制剂NBPT、DMPP、CP的添加均能显著提高玉米产量、吸氮量、氮肥利用效率等,同时对土壤铵态氮及硝态氮含量有显著影响(P<0.05)。施用添加腐植酸与NBPT尿素处理相比单独添加NBPT尿素处理显著提高了玉米苗期黑土硝化抑制率、玉米株高及叶片叶绿素含量,分别提高14.03%、6.31%、3.22%,但玉米产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥利用效率、玉米茎粗及叶面积均有所下降。施用添加腐植酸与DMPP的尿素处理相比单独添加DMPP尿素处理的玉米株高、叶绿素含量分别提高7.97%、20.17%,显著降低玉米苗期黑土硝化抑制率、玉米产量、经济系数、籽粒吸氮量、叶面积,同时植株总吸氮量、氮肥利用率及茎粗有所降低(P<0.05)。施用添加腐植酸与CP的尿素处理相比单独添加CP尿素处理显著提高玉米产量、叶绿素含量、总吸氮量、氮肥利用效率(P<0.05),玉米株高、玉米籽粒吸氮量也均有提高,但玉米茎粗及叶面积有所下降(P<0.05)。在黑土中,施用添加腐植酸与CP的尿素处理可以提高玉米产量、植株吸氮量、玉米株高、叶片叶绿素含量和肥料利用率。施用添加NBPT、DMPP与腐植酸配合的尿素处理降低玉米产量、植株吸氮量、氮肥利用效率,不利于玉米产量的增加及肥料利用率的提高。在黑土玉米种植区,氮肥管理建议将腐植酸与CP结合制成新型高效稳定性增效尿素肥料施用,有利于玉米的增产及尿素肥料利用率的提高,避免将腐植酸与NBPT、DMPP配合使用。

    Abstract:

    The application and regulation effects of adding biochemical inhibitors and biostimulant humic acid to the high efficiency and stability urea on fertilizer nitrogen transformation in black soil were studied to provide a theoretical basis for the study of the special formulation of high efficiency and stability urea combined with biostimulant humic acid and biochemical inhibitor in the black soil.A pot experiment was conducted with 9 treatments,blank (CK)and urea (N)were set up as controls,and humic acid (H),N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine (NBPT),3,4-dimethyl-pyrazolate phosphate (DMPP)and 2-chloro-6-trimethyl-pyridine (CP)and their combinations were added to urea fertilizer,respectively.The effects of urea fertilizers with different biochemical inhibitors and humic acid on soil available nitrogen contents,biological index and yield of maize were determined,and the nitrification inhibition rate,grain nitrogen uptake,total nitrogen uptake,urea fertilizer use efficiency were calculated.The results showed that compared with urea alone treatment,the combined application of humic acid and biochemical inhibitors NBPT,DMPP and CP significantly increased maize yield,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency,and had significant effects on soil available nitrogen contents(P<0.05).Compared with the application of biochemical inhibitor NBPT alone,urea with humic acid and NBPT addition significantly increased the nitrification inhibition rate of black soil in maize seeding stage,plant height and chlorophyll content by 14.03%,6.31% and 3.22%,but the maize yield,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency,stems thickness and leaf area all decreased. Compared with the application of biochemical inhibitor DMPP alone,urea with humic acid and DMPP addition increased plant height and chlorophyll content by 7.97% and 20.17%,and significantly decreased the nitrification inhibition rate of black soil in maize seeding stage,maize yield,economic coefficient,grain nitrogen uptake,leaf area,total nitrogen uptake,urea fertilizer apparent utilization rate and stems thickness decreased(P<0.05).Compared with the application of biochemical inhibitor CP alone,urea with humic acid and CP addition significantly increased the maize yield,chlorophyll content,total nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency (P<0.05),and the plant height,grain nitrogen uptake were also increased,but the stem thickness and leaf area were decreased(P<0.05).In conclusion,in black soil,urea with humic acid and CP addition could increase the maize yield,nitrogen uptake,plant height,chlorophyll content and urea fertilizer use efficiency.Urea with humic acid and NBPT,DMPP addition could decrease maize yield,nitrogen uptake,nitrogen use efficiency,which is not conducive to the increase of yield and the improvement of urea fertilizer use efficiency.In black soil maize planting area,it is suggested to combine humic acid and CP to make the new high-efficiency and stability urea to increase the maize yield and improve urea fertilizer apparent utilization rate,and avoid using humic acid with NBPT and DMPP.

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肖富容,李东坡,薛妍,宋玉超,张可,李永华,郑野,张金明,崔永坤.添加腐植酸与生化抑制剂的稳定性增效尿素在黑土中的施用效果[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(8):47-55.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-05-19
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  • 录用日期:2021-07-10
  • 在线发布日期: 2022-10-10
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