Studying the effects of different tillage and straw returning methods on the composition and function of soil fungal community under the matching mode of straw returning and direct-groin corn harvesting in Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area，and investigating the biological mechanisms of soil fungal communities in response to different tillage and straw harvesting methods，in order to provide theoretical basis for optimizing tillage and straw harvesting methods and improving soil fertility.Taking the continuous cropping soil of straw returning to field and direct-grain corn harvesting in the Ningxia Yellow River Diversion Irrigation Area as the research object，Illumia Miseq high throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the differences in soil fungal community structure and function during the maize maturity period under the conditions of two farming methods(no-tillage and deep-tillage)and three straw returning methods(no-straw returningto the field，returning half amount of the straw to the field，and returning full amount of straw to the field)，and combined with the soil physical and chemical properties，and the environmental drivers of soil fungal community structure and function changes in farmland were further investigated.The results showed that the soil fungal diversity indices were best in no-tillage combined with half amount of straw mulching，and the number of soil fungal OTU was higher in both no-tillage and half amount of straw mulching treatments than in deep-tillage，while the opposite was true for full amount of straw mulching treatment.The dominant fungal populations were significantly different among treatments，with Ascomycota，Basidiomycota，Mortierellomycota，Sordariomycetes，Symmetrospora，Mortierella and Archaeorhizomyces generally having higher relative abundance in each treatment.No-tillage treatment had different effects on different fungal species，and it promoted the growth and development of fungi involved in lignin decay and reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi.No-tillage combined with no-straw return and straw half mulch return treatments were more stable，while the remaining treatments were less stable.The fungal species that contributed more to the fungal community composition differed among treatments.Each soil physicochemical property was closely related to the growth and reproduction of different fungal genera，and the main dominant fungal genera were mainly influenced by soil alkaline nitrogen，total phosphorus，available phosphorus and bulk density.Different tillage and straw return methods change the number of OTU，diversity parameters and community composition of soil fungal communities，and different soil physicochemical properties are also the main factors affecting the growth and reproduction of each fungal genus；no-tillage combined with appropriate amount of straw mulch return can promote the growth and reproduction of fungal genera in soil that can easily decompose straw，which is conducive to the formation of a virtuous cycle of straw return ecosphere and maintain the health of farmland soil ecosystem.