Field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Chinese milk vetch substitution for chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the rice yield，rice quality，nitrogen uptake，and the nitrogen use efficiency in rice system.There were six treatments，including winter fallow+no chemical nitrogen fertilizer(-N)，winter fallow+100% chemical nitrogen fertilizer(100% N)，Chinese milk vetch+no chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM)，Chinese milk vetch+40% chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+40% N)，Chinese milk vetch+60% chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+60% N)，Chinese milk vetch+80% chemical nitrogen fertilizer(GM+80% N).There were no significant differences in the rice yield，nitrogen accumulation，brown rice rate，head rice rate，chalky grain rate，protein and zinc content between GM+80% N and 100% N.Nitrogen use efficiency，milled rice rate，calcium，magnesium and iron contents of GM+80% N treatment were significantly higher than those of 100% N treatment(P<0.05).Chalkiness degree and amylose content were low than those of 100% N(P<0.05)significantly. There were no differences in the yield，brown rice rate，head rice rate，chalky grain rate，chalkiness degree and zinc content between the treatments of GM+60% N and 100% N.The nitrogen use efficiency，milled rice rate，calcium， magnesium and iron contents of GM+60% N treatment were significantly higher than that of 100% N treatment(P<0.05)，and the nitrogen accumulation，amylose and protein content were significantly lower than that of 100% N treatment(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in rice yield，nitrogen accumulation，brown rice rate，milled rice rate，head rice rate，chalky grain rate，amylose，protein，calcium，magnesium，iron and zinc contents between GM+60% N and GM+80% N，though the nitrogen use efficiency of GM+60% N was lower than that of GM+80% N.In conclusion，it is more appropriate to reduce the application of nitrogen fertilizer by 40% in rice season to increase the fertilizer efficiency and obtain the superior quality rice with the application of Chinese milk vetch.