The controlled gas chamber was used to simulate the future growth environment of increased air temperature and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration in the future.With the help of IonS5TMXL sequencing platform based on semiconductor chip technology and combined with relevant btoinformatics methods，the 16S RNA gene bacteria V4 region and 18S RNA fungus ITS region of wheat soil treated with slow release fertilizer under the background of climate change were sequenced and analyzed，and response of wheat soil bacteria and fungi to climate change under slow-release fertilizer treatment is explored.The result showed that the average effective sequences of bacteria and fungi were 80543 and 64303，and the average OTUs were 3149 and 1161，respectively.Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon index and Chao1 index of soil bacteria were decreased with the increase of atmospheric CO₂ concentration，but there was no significant difference among soil fungi under different environment conditions.Principal component analysis showed that there was no obvious difference in soil bacterial community structure under different treatments，but there was obvious difference in fungal community structure when air temperature increased.Compared with ordinary fertilizer，slow-release fertilizer treatment had no obvious effect on the Alpha diversity and community structure of soil bacteria and fungi no matter what the environment was.At phylum level，the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria，Actinobacteria，Bacteroidetes，Acidobacteria and the dominant fungi were Ascomycota，Mortierellomycota，Basidiomycota.At genera level，there were 9 genera of dominant bacteria and 7 genera of dominant fungi.Under the condition of increasing atmospheric CO₂ concentration，ordinary fertilizer application made the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Sphingomonas increased significantly by 10.34% and 46.27%.Under the control temperature and control CO₂ concentration，the slow-release fertilizer treatment made the relative abundance of Ascomycota and Chaetomium increased by 39.85% and 295.33%，respectively，compared with ordinary fertilizer.Similarly，under the high temperature and control CO₂ concentration，the slow-release fertilizer treatment increased Ascomycota and Chaetomium by 33.16% and 154.49%，respectively，compared with ordinary fertilizer. CO₂ had significant effects on Proteobacteria，Sphingomonas and Chaetomium.The physical and chemical properties of soil were improved under various climate change environments.Compared with ordinary nitrogen fertilizer，slow-release nitrogen fertilizer treatment decreased the contents of soil organic matter，alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen，and increased the contents of soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus.Redundancy analysis showed that soil bacterial community structure was mainly affected by the contents of total nitrogen and salt，while fungal community structure was mainly affected by pH and the contents of available phosphorus.The results showed that the impact of future climate change on soil microbial community was greater than that of slow-release fertilizer treatment.The results deepen the understanding of slow-release fertilizer on soil microbial community structure and diversity，and provide a theoretical basis for the popularization and application of slow-release fertilizer for climate change.