The biogas residue produced by biological fermentation of straw waste was used as raw material，different auxiliary materials were added to make four kinds of fertilizers (the following referred to as “biogas residue fertilizer”).Taking rice as the research object，six treatments were set up:no fertilization (CK)，conventional fertilization (FP)，biogas residue organic fertilizer (T1)，biogas residue bio-organic fertilizer (T2)，biogas residue organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (T3) and biogas residue compound microbial fertilizer (T4)，to study the fertilizer efficiency and impacts on rice yield，soil physicochemical properties，enzyme activity and microorganism，so as to provide theoretical support for the resource utilization of straw.The results showed that，compared with FP treatment，the rice yield of biogas residue fertilizer increased，and the rice yield of T4 treatment was the highest，which was up to 9571 kg/hm²；Compared with FP treatment，biogas residue fertilizer treatment effectively reduced nitrogen application by 18.59%～19.70% and improved nitrogen use efficiency by 1.37%～11.04%.Compared with FP treatment，biogas residue fertilizer treatment decreased the content of soil available Cd and rice Cd，decreased the Cd enrichment coefficient of rice，and improved the activities of soil urease，catalase，polyphenol oxidase and soil respiration.In terms of soil aggregate content (WR0.25)，all fertilization treatments were significantly higher than CK；In the biogas residue fertilizer treatments，only T1 and T4 treatments WR0.25 were higher than FP treatment，and there was no significant difference among other treatments.In terms of microbial quantity，the number of soil bacteria and actinomycetes in T3 and T4 treatments increased significantly.Biogas residue fertilizer is superior to conventional fertilization in many indexes，and T4 treatment has the best effect on increasing rice yield and improving soil environment.