In the extremely arid agricultural area of central Gansu，multi-point experiments on soil testing and fertilization were carried out on potatoes for consecutive years to establish fertilization model for potato production in local arid mountainous area，define the abundance-deficieny indices on the soil nutrients of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium，and determine the recommended fertilization indices.The experiment results showed that under different fertility levels，corresponding to relative yield of <50%(extremely low)，50%～60%(low)，60%～70%(lower)，70%～80%(medium)，80%～90%(higher)，≥90%(high)，the abundance-deficieny indices of total nitrogen for potato showed as:<0.33，0.33～0.45，0.45～0.62，0.62～0.85，0.85～1.15，≥1.15 g/kg，the abundance-deficieny indices of available phosphorus for potato showed as:<5.5，5.5～8.5，8.5～13，13～20，20～30，≥30 mg/kg，and the abundance-deficieny indices available potassium for potato showed as:<74，74～103，103～145，145～203，203～285，≥285 mg/kg.Under perennial weather conditions，the corresponding nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rates of potato in different fertility levels of plowing lime-calcareous soil in local dry farming area were as >175，155～175，140～155，115～140，90～115，≤90 kg/hm² N，the corresponding phosphorus fertilizer recommendation rates were as >125，110～125，97.5～110，82.5～97.5，67.5～82.5，≤67.5 kg/hm² P2O5，the corresponding potassium fertilizer recommendation rates were as >60，45～60，37.5～45，30～37.5，22.5～30，≤22.5 kg/hm² K2O.This research shows that the soil nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients of 0～20 cm tillage layer in local dry farming area are still at a lower level，however，compared with the past，potassium nutrient is still at a relatively rich level although it has a tendency to decrease obviously.Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers should be applied in potato production，and potassium fertilizer should be added according to potassium nutrient conditions of soil.