A field experiment was established to examine the effects of fertilization and tillage modes on the aboveground biomass of stems and leaves and the belowground biomass of tubers of tigernut.The experiment included two tillage methods，i.e.，ploughing and no-tillage，and three types of fertilization，i.e.，common chemical fertilizer，slow-release chemical fertilizer，and organic fertilizer.The results showed that the length of aboveground stems and leaves was significantly increased by 20.29% ～ 46.63% under the application of common chemical fertilizer，slow-release chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer，among which the treatment of common chemical fertilizer showed the most significant impacts.The application of chemical fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer had negative effects on the belowground biomass，whereas the application of organic fertilizer increased the belowground biomass.No-tillage significantly promoted leaf length and specific leaf area，but reduced belowground biomass.In contrast，tillage promoted the growth of tubers and significantly increased the yield of tubers.These results suggest that if the management mode aims at harvesting the belowground tubers，it is suitable to adopt the field management of ploughing in combination with organic fertilizer；if the management mode aiming at harvesting the aboveground stems and leaves，it is suitable to adopt the field management of no-tillage in combination with chemical fertilization.The management of no-tillage in combination with organic fertilizer could serve as an ideal management mode that meets the ecological benefits of windbreak and sand fixation，maintaining a higher aboveground and belowground biomass and alleviating the risk of soil erosion by wind.