By studying the high-yield and high-efficiency fertilization method of slow-release fertilizer on rice stubble wheat and its yield-and efficiency-increasing mechanism，this study aimed to promote the application of appropriate slow-release fertilizer application technology in the high-yield，high-efficiency and light and simplified cultivation of wheat. Using sulfur-coated blended fertilizer(SCBF，N∶P2O5∶K2O=26∶12∶12)and common urea(U，N 46.3%)as materials，six fertilization patterns were designed:urea applied separately at four stages(CK，basal∶tillering∶jointing∶ booting=50%∶10%∶20%∶20%)；100%N-SCBF applied before sowing(M1)；60%N-SCBF applied before sowing and 40%N-U applied at jointing stage(M2)；60%N-SCBF applied before sowing and 40%N-SCBF applied at re-greening stage(M3)；15% total nitrogen reduction based on M2(M4)；15% total nitrogen reduction based on M3(M5).Field experiments were carried out in 8 different ecological test sites in Jiangsu province，to analyze the yield，nitrogen efficiency，benefit and stability of different fertilization patterns under different ecological conditions.Different ecological test sites and fertilization patterns significantly affected the yield formation and nitrogen efficiency of rice stubble wheat.Under the equal nitrogen rate，the average yield in M1 increased by -4.70%(-15.23%~4.49%)compared with CK，and spike number，1000-grain weight and nitrogen agronomic efficiency in M1 all showed the same trend.Although the cost of topdressing was reduced，M1 increased the fertilizer cost and decreased the wheat yield，resulting in a reduction of 1083.60 yuan/hm² in benefit.The average spike number and grain weight of M3 were significantly higher than CK，the average yield increase of M3 was 8.49%(1.07%~21.31%)，and the benefit increase was 11.46%(-3.21%~43.50%)；M2 increased the yield by 3.11%(-2.21%~12.03%)，and increased the benefit by 3.14%(-9.20%~19.01%).While reducing nitrogen by 15%，twice-split application of slow-release fertilizer increased the yield and benefit by 0.37%(-5.61%~10.76%)and 1.65%(-19.05%~26.91%)，respectively，which showed no significant difference from those of CK，but significantly improved the nitrogen agronomic efficiency.In conclusion，single application of slow-release fertilizer saved labor cost，but decreased yield and benefit，so it was recommended only under the condition of labor shortage.Twice-split application of slow-release fertilizer，which showed high yield potential and stability，and reduced twice topdressing than traditional fertilization，was a recommended method of slow-release fertilizer for high-yield and high-efficiency in rice stubble wheat production.Under the condition of 15% nitrogen reducing，twice-split application of slow-release fertilizer still maintained stable yield，which realized the coordination of yield and nitrogen efficiency.