Using Lanzhou lily as test material，the effects of potassium fertilizer on lily cultivation soil nutrients，enzyme activity，lily nutrient absorption，lily growth and development，lily yield and potassium fertilizer utilization under different organic fertilizer application treatments were analyzed by field split-plot experiment(two factors and three levels). The results showed that compared with CK，the combined application of all potassium and organic fertilizers increased the contents of available potassium，available phosphorus，hydrolytic nitrogen，soil organic matter，nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in lily roots，stems，leaves，flower buds and bulbs.Except for some treatments，most of the combined application treatments could increase the activities of sucrase，alkaline phosphatase and catalase in soil，but reduce the activity of soil urease.Under all application treatments，lily plant height，stem diameter，crown width，bulb fresh weight per plant and lily yield were significantly higher than CK.The agronomic utilization rate of potassium fertilizer decreased with the increase of potassium fertilizer application.Under the treatment of organic fertilizer application，potassium fertilizer application can promote growth and increase the yield of lily.When the potassium fertilizer treatment is 150 kg/hm²(K2)and the organic fertilizer treatment is 9000 kg/hm²(M2)，the bulb fresh weight per plant，yield and potassium fertilizer agronomic efficiency of lily reach the maximum.It is suggested that K2M2 should be used for the application of potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer in the Guyuan cold area.