In order to explore the effects of different NPK ratios on the yield and quality of Anemarrhena asphodeloides，the “3414” field experiment were conducted.Growth index survey，quality inspection and mangiferin content analysis were conducted for one-year-old Anemarrhena asphodeloides.The results showed that fertilization treatment significantly increased the plant height，tiller number，rhizome diameter，leaf dry weight，fibrous root dry weight and rhizome dry weight of Anemarrhena asphodeloides.The interaction of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium had a positive effect on Anemarrhena asphodeloides yield at medium level.The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were increased first and then decreased with increasing the application amounts of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium，the partial productivity of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were decreased with increasing the application amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus.The content of moisture，total ash and acid-insoluble ash of the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides were in line with the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition).nitrogen and potassium fertilizers had a significant effect on the content of mangiferin in the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides，while P had little effect on it.The comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the membership function of each index showed that the best treatment was N2P2K2，the fertilizer rate were N 105.00 kg·hm-2，P2O5 90.00 kg·hm-2，K2O 75.00 kg·hm-2，and the ratio of N，P2O5 and K2O was 1∶0.86∶0.71.