不同用量腐植酸对苹果幼苗生长及生长环境的影响
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(1.山东农业大学化学与材料科学学院,山东 泰安 271018;2.农业农村部腐植酸类肥料重点实验室,山东 泰安 271018)

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刘英浩(1997-),硕士研究生,研究方向为农业分析化学。E-mail:shannongliuyinghao@163.com。

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基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31801816);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);泰山学者资助项目(NO.ts20190923);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)。


Effects of different additions of humic acid on apple seedlings and substrate environment
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(1.College of Chemistry and Material Science,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an Shandong 271018;2.Key Laboratory of Humic Acid Fertilizer,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Peoples’s Republic of China,Tai’an Shandong 271018)

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    摘要:

    风化煤腐植酸含有多种活性官能团,对农作物生长发育具有重要意义。将风化煤腐植酸施用于基质,并研究不同用量风化煤腐植酸对苹果幼苗生长发育及生长环境的影响机制,可为风化煤腐植酸资源在苹果栽培种植中高效利用和促进苹果幼树生长提供理论依据。温室条件下,以6叶的M9T337苹果幼苗为试材,外源添加不同添加量(0、0.1、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 g/kg)的腐植酸到基质中,平衡一周后,将长势一致的6叶苹果幼苗移栽至盆中,研究腐植酸对苹果幼苗生物量、叶片抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素、基质酶活性、基质养分及微生物等的影响。结果发现:(1)不同用量的腐植酸均可增加苹果幼苗的株高、干重和鲜重,其中1.5 g/kg处理的效果最明显,较对照组分别提高了68.5%、70.6%和53.3%;(2)腐植酸可提高叶片中抗氧化酶的含量并且降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量,1.5 g/kg处理苹果幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、超氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的含量分别比对照提高219.9%、63.0%、361.4%,MDA的含量下降了54.4%;(3)添加腐植酸可增加基质土壤中过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和磷酸酶的含量,1.5 g/kg腐植酸处理分别比对照提高37.0%、94.8%、46.5%和17.0%;(4)随腐植酸添加量的增加,对苹果幼苗生长的促进作用呈先升高后降低的变化,以添加量为1.5 g/kg腐植酸对苹果幼苗的作用效果最明显。添加腐植酸可明显增加苹果幼苗的鲜重、干重和株高,促进根系的生长,并且有效提高幼苗的叶片酶活以及叶绿素含量,基质土壤中的酶活性也有一定的提高。本试验条件下,添加1.5 g/kg的腐植酸对苹果幼苗的生长促进作用最好。

    Abstract:

    Weathered coal humic acid has multiple active functional groups.To study the influence of different amounts of weathered coal humic acid on the growth and development of apple seedlings,a pot experiment was carried out.To provided a theoretical basis for the efficient utilization of weathered coal humic acid resources in increasing the production and quality of apple plant.The apple seedlings were M9T337.All the seedlings with the same growth were transplanted into the substrate pot to equilibrate for one week,and the humic acid was added at different amounts (0,0.1,0.5,1.0,1.5 and 2.0 g/kg).Their effects on apple seedling biomass,leaf enzymes,chlorophyll,substrate enzymes,substrate nutrition and other conditions were studied. The results showed that:(1)Different amounts of humic acid increased the plant height,dry weight and fresh weight of apple seedlings.Among them,the 1.5 g/kg treatment had the most obvious effects.Compared with the control group,1.5 g/kg treatment increased by 68.5%,70.6% and 53.3%,respectively.(2)Humic acid increased the content of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and reduced the content of malondialdehyde.The content of SOD,POD and CAT in apple seedlings treated with 1.5 g/kg increased by 219.9%,63.0% and 361.4%,respectively,compared with the control.The content of MDA decreased by 54.4%.(3)The addition of humic acid increased the contents of catalase,invertase,urease and phosphatase in the substrate soil,which increased by 37.0%,94.8%,46.5% and 17.0%,respectively,in the 1.5 g/kg humic acid treatment compared with the control.(4)With the increase of humic acid,the effect of promoting the growth of apple seedlings increased first and then decreased.The mass ratio of 1.5 g/kg humic acid had the most obvious effect on apple seedlings.The addition of humic acid significantly increased the fresh weight,dry weight and plant height of apple seedlings,promoted the growth of roots,and effectively increased the leaf enzyme activity and chlorophyll content of the seedlings,and the substrate enzyme activities also had certain increases.Under the experimental conditions,the humic acid with a mass fraction of 1.5 g/kg had the best effect on the growth of apple seedlings.

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刘英浩,李允,高涵,郭新送,孟庆羽,陈士更,丁方军,王艳芳.不同用量腐植酸对苹果幼苗生长及生长环境的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2022,(11):93-100.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-10-20
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  • 录用日期:2021-12-20
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-02-07
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