In order to study the effects of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate and their combined applications on the growth and quality of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis，and to provide scientific basis for the rational fertilization in the cultivation of Paris polyphylla var.Yunnanensis，a potted soil culture experiment was used in this study to observe the effects of different potassium fertilizer combination applications on the root mycorrhizal ecological characteristics，photosynthetic parameters，biomass and effective components of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.The control group was no potassium fertilizer application(CK)，the treatment groups was application of KCl and K2SO4 at a ratio of 100∶0(PF1)，75∶25(PF2)，50∶50(PF3)，25∶75(PF4)and 0∶100(PF5)，respectively，under the soil dosage of 0.3 g/kg of K2O.The result showed that the AM fungal infection intensities in the roots of the potassium fertilizer application groups increased significantly compared with CK；the content of carotenoids，chlorophyl-a and chlorophyll-b in the leaves of PF4 was 107.19%，108.75% and 174.27% of that in CK，respectively；the net photosynthetic rate of PF1，PF2 and PF3 was 128.00%，116.47% and 114.51%，transpiration rate was 174.98%，151.62% and 129.42%，stomatal conductance was 280.57%，263.75% and 118.38%，intercellular CO₂ concentration was 114.79%，118.38% and 115.83% of that of CK，respectively；the superoxide dismutase activity of PF1，PF2 and PF5 was 132.44%，121.50% and 119.71% of that of CK，respectively，the peroxidase activity of PF3 was 135.62% of that of CK，the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in PF4 was 111.60% and 104.67% of that in CK，the content of soluble sugar and soluble protein in PF5 was 106.55% and 103.31% of that in CK；the content of malondialdehyde in PF1，PF2 and PF3 was significantly lower than that in CK；the growth indexes of PF3 and PF4，the fresh weight and drying rate of PF2 and PF5 young rhizome was significantly higher than that of CK；polyphyllin I，polyphyllin II，polyphyllin VII and total saponin in the potassium fertilizer application groups were significantly higher than that of CK.In general，the best combination of KCl and K2SO4 was 75∶25，which provided reference value for standardized planting and scientific fertilization of Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis.