翻压绿肥减施化肥下贵州猕猴桃果实快速增长期的叶片性状与土壤养分特征
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作者单位:

(1.贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所/贵州省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006;2.黔西南布依族苗族自治州生态环境局兴义市分局,贵州 兴义 562400)

作者简介:

张钦(1988-),副研究员,硕士,研究方向为土壤学与环境生态、绿肥。E-mail:1687947879@qq.com。

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基金项目:

基金项目:国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);贵州省科技支撑计划(黔科合支撑[2020]1Y026);贵州省农业科学院青年基金(黔农科院青年基金[2018]95号)。


Effects of green manure with fertilizer reduction on soil and leaf of kiwifruit in the fruit rapid growth period
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Affiliation:

(1.Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang Guizhou 550006;2.Xingyi Branch of Ecology and Environment Bureau of Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Xingyi Guizhou 562400)

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    摘要:

    为贵州优质猕猴桃园的绿肥利用技术提供支撑。设置等量的不同品种绿肥翻压(毛叶苕子G1、箭筈豌豆G2、黑麦草G3),分别配合不同的化肥减量梯度(100%F、85%F、70%F、55%F、0%F),以不施肥为对照,共设置16个处理,在猕猴桃果实快速增长期,调查测定叶面积、重量、叶绿素含量以及土壤养分等,研究施肥处理对猕猴桃生长及园地土壤性状的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,翻压毛苕、箭碗减施化肥可显著促进猕猴桃的叶面积、比叶面积、叶片磷含量,G1+70%F、G2+85%F的叶面积分别增加了117.33%、110.65%,G1+70%F、G2+85%F的比叶面积分别增加了85.31%、73.10%,G1+85%F、G2+100%F的叶片磷含量分别提高了23.21%、17.86%;翻压毛苕、黑麦草减施化肥可显著促进猕猴桃的百叶重,G1+55%F、G3+55%F分别增加了40.31%、33.77%;翻压这3种绿肥减施化肥均可显著提高土壤有效磷含量,各组含量最高的G1+70%F、G2+100%F、G3+70%F处理分别提高了104%、108%、104%;翻压箭碗减施化肥可显著提高土壤速效钾含量,G2+100%F提高了57.6%;翻压黑麦草减施化肥的土壤pH值显著增高,G3+70%F提高了7.17%。双因素方差分析翻压绿肥品种与化肥减量梯度,化肥减施条件下,翻压毛苕处理的猕猴桃最大叶宽、叶面积、比叶面积显著高于翻压黑麦草处理,翻压毛苕处理和翻压黑麦草处理的土壤pH值显著高于翻压箭碗处理;翻压绿肥条件下,55%F处理的猕猴桃叶片氮含量显著高于100%F和85%F,且55%F处理的猕猴桃百叶重显著高于85%F、0%F,100%F和85%F处理的土壤碱解氮含量、猕猴桃叶片磷含量显著高于70%F;翻压绿肥与化肥减施的交互作用可显著提高土壤有效磷含量49.84%~80.73%。翻压绿肥减施化肥对猕猴桃果实快速增长期的比叶面积有显著提升作用,有利于提高叶片的氮、磷、钾含量向丰产优质的养分范围发展,尤其对叶片磷含量的提升作用明显,对土壤碱解氮、有效磷含量也有显著增高的作用,翻压绿肥条件下减少15%化肥有利于平衡土壤养分,在促进猕猴桃吸收利用的同时保障土壤速效养分,使猕猴桃园向优质方向发展。

    Abstract:

    The purpose of study is to provide a foundation for supporting the technology in green manure (GM) utilization of high-quality kiwifruit garden in Guizhou.Different green manures of equal quantities (Vicia villosa Roth G1,Vicia sativa L.G2 and Lolium perenne G3) with different fertilizer reduction treatments (100%F,85%F,70%F 55%F and 0%F) were applied.There were 16 treatments with no fertilizer application as the control (CK).During the fruit rapid growth period of kiwifruit,leaf area,leaf weight,chlorophyll content,and soil nutrient were measured to study the effects of different treatments on kiwifruit growth and soil traits in the garden.The results showed that compared with the CK,the leaf area,the specific leaf area and the leaf phosphorus (LP) were significantly promoted by turning over Vicia villosa Roth and Vicia sativa L.with reducing fertilizer application.The leaf areas of G1+70%F and G2+85%F were increased by 117.33% and 110.65%,respectively.The specific leaf areas of G1+70%F and G2+85%F were increased by 85.31% and 73.10%,respectively.The LP of G1+85%F and G2+100%F was increased by 23.21% and 17.86%,respectively.The leaf weight was improved by Vicia villosa Roth and ryegrass turnover with fertilizer reduction,with increasing by 40.31% and 33.77%,respectively,for G1+55%F and G3+55%F.Soil available phosphorus was significantly improved by the three GMs turnover with fertilizer reduction,and the highest soil available phosphorus of G1+70%F,G2+100%F and G3+70%F was increased by 104%,108% and 104%,respectively;Soil available possasium was significantly increased by Vicia sativa L.turnover with fertilizer reduction,and the soil available possasium of G2+100%F was increased by 57.6%;Soil pH was increased significantly with ryegrass turnover and fertilizer reduction and the soil pH of G3+70%F was increased by 7.17%.Two-way ANOVA was carried out with GM varieties turnover and fertilizer reduction.Under the fertilizer reduction condition,the maximum leaf width,leaf area and specific leaf area of kiwifruit with Vicia villosa Roth turnover were significantly higher than that with ryegrass turnover,and the soil pH with Vicia villosa Roth turnover and ryegrass turnover was significantly higher than that with Vicia sativa L.turnover.Under the GM turnover condition,the leaf nitrogen(LN)of 55%F was significantly higher than that of 100%F and 85%F,and the leaf weight of 55%F was also significantly higher than that 85%F and 0%F.Alkali hydrolysable nitrogen of 100%F and 85%F was significantly higher than that of 70%F;Soil available phosphorus was significantly increased by 49.84%~80.73% with GM turnover combining with fertilizer reduction.The specific leaf was significantly increased by GM turnover and fertilizer reduction in the period of kiwifruit rapid growth,which was beneficial to the increase of LN,LP and LK,especially,the increase of LP.In addition,alkali hydrolysable nitrogen and soil available phosphorus were also significantly increased with the treatments of GM turnover combining with fertilizer reduction,which could facilitate soil available nutrients so that build high quality kiwifruit gardens.

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张钦,吴兴洪,姚单君,张爱华,况胜剑,廖恒,朱青,秦松.翻压绿肥减施化肥下贵州猕猴桃果实快速增长期的叶片性状与土壤养分特征[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023,(1):140-148.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-12-15
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  • 录用日期:2022-02-27
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-04-14
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