A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of milk vetch combined with rice straw returning under different fertilization application rates on the growth and quality of japonica rice variety Nanjing 46.The results showed that reducing fertilization had slight effect on plant height，number of green leaves，dry weight of shoot and SPAD value of leaves at tillering stage，and there was no significant difference among treatments.The number of tillers decreased compared with the control，but the root volume and dry weight increased significantly.The plant height of rice treated with 20% and 30% fertilization reduction was significantly higher than that of conventional fertilization (CK) and 40% fertilization reduction treatment at heading and flowering stage；root dry weight and aboveground dry weight were greater than those of the CK.Under this experimental condition，different fertilization treatments had effect on rice yield.20% fertilization reduction treatment had the highest average yield，which increased by 18.6% compared with CK，followed by 30% fertilization reduction treatment，increasing by 16.4%.The yield of both treatments was significantly higher than that of 40% fertilization reduction treatment and CK.The effect of increasing yield mainly showed on the increase of spike number，grain number per spike and ripening percentage.The results showed that 30% fertilization reduction significantly increased the brown rice rate，while moderate fertilization reduction (20%～30%) increased the brown rice rate and the milled rice rate at the same time reduced the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice，which was helpful to improve the processing quality and appearance quality.Different fertilization treatments had effects on grain shape of rice，amylose content，final viscosity and breakdown viscosity，but had no significant effects on gel consistency and peak viscosity，though viscosity，setback viscosity，peak viscosity time and Initial gelatinization temperature of rice.In conclusion，under the rice-green manure rotation mode，milk vetch and rice straw returning combined with 20%～30% fertilization reduction is beneficial to improve yield and quality of rice.