The aim was to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM)fungi and rhizobia on the growth of peanut and underlying mechanism，which was beneficial to alleviate continuous cropping obstacle and promote nutrient efficiency and sustainable high yield of peanut. Four treatments(CK，AM，Rb and AM+Rb)were conducted to study the effects of AM fungi and rhizobia on growth，root morphology，nutrient absorption and soil biological characteristics of peanut by the micro-zone experiment. The results showed that the inoculation treatment increased the first branch length，number of branches，and significantly increased the root biomass，aboveground biomass，pod weight and root nodule numbers of peanut，with the AM+Rb treatment showing the strongest effect. Compared to the control，the total length，total surface area and total volume of roots were significantly increased by 30.1%，20.2% and 59.7%，respectively，under the AM+Rb treatment. The total amount of soil microorganisms，the ratio of bacteria and fungi，the ratio of actinomycetes and fungi，the accumulation of nitrogen，phosphorus，potassium，calcium and magnesium in different parts of peanut were significantly enhanced，and its effect was better than that of single AM fungi or rhizobia. Compared with two inoculation methods of AM fungi and rhizobia，the nitrogen accumulation in different parts of peanut under the Rb treatment was higher，while the root morphology was better and the accumulation of phosphorus，potassium，calcium and magnesium in different parts of peanut was higher under the AM treatment. In conclusion，inoculation with AM fungi and rhizobia，especially double inoculation，is more beneficial to improve the root morphology and microbial environment in rhizosphere，and enhance the nutrient uptake capacity of peanuts，so as to promote the growth and yield of peanut.