兼顾产量和氮肥利用效率的间作体系小麦最适施氮量分析
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(1.云南农业大学,云南 昆明 650201;2.云南开放大学,云南 昆明 650201)

作者简介:

冯瑞(1997-),硕士研究生,主要从事间作系统高产高效研究。E-mail:1360795713@qq.com。

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基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31760615);云南省科技人才与平台计划(2019IC026)。


Study on optimum nitrogen application rate of wheat under intercropping for synergetically increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency
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(1.Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming Yunnan 650201;2.Yunnan Open University,Kunming Yunnan 650201)

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    摘要:

    探究小麦蚕豆间作体系下的小麦最适氮肥施用量,建立作物产量和氮肥利用效率协同提高的间作体系氮肥管理策略。通过2年的田间定位试验,在N 0、90、180、270 kg/hm2 4个小麦施氮水平下,研究了小麦蚕豆间作体系的产量效应、氮肥利用效率、兼顾产量与氮肥利用效率的小麦最适施氮量和推荐阈值,探讨了间作提高小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的关键土壤因子效应。结果表明,在4个施氮水平下,与单作小麦相比,间作小麦产量平均增加22.12%,产量可持续性指数平均增加3.68%,土地当量比平均为1.13,氮肥表观利用率平均增加18.44%,氮肥农学利用率平均增加9.64%,氮肥偏生产力平均增加21.14%。回归分析结果表明,小麦间作最高产量施氮量较单作平均减少3.28%,增产18.76%。以小麦相对产量的85%~90%作为氮肥施用量的推荐范围,小麦单作氮肥推荐阈值为101~128 kg/hm2,间作小麦氮肥推荐阈值为90~117 kg/hm2,小麦间作较单作施氮量减少9.40%~12.22%,小麦产量增加18.20%。综合小麦产量和氮肥利用效率的关系,单作小麦最适施氮量为133 kg/hm2,间作小麦最适施氮量为106 kg/hm2时可兼顾提高小麦产量和氮肥利用效率,保证小麦增产及氮肥减施增效。结构方程分析表明小麦间作中硝态氮是提高氮肥利用效率的关键土壤因子。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the optimal nitrogen application rate of wheat under the wheat and faba bean intercropping system,and establish the nitrogen management strategy of crop yield and nitrogen use efficiency enhance in the intercropping system,analyzed the effects of yield,nitrogen use efficiency,the optimal nitrogen application rate and recommended threshold of yield and nitrogen use efficiency in wheat and faba bean intercropping were,and discussed the key soil factors for improving wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency through 2 years of field positioning test under four different nitrogen levels(including N 0,90,180,270 kg/hm2) . The results showed that under the four nitrogen application levels,compared with monocropped wheat,the yield and stability index,the nitrogen apparent and agronomic use efficiency and partial productivity of intercropped treatment were increased by 22.12%,3.68%,18.44%,9.64% and 21.14% on average,respectively,while the land equivalent ratio was 1.13. The results of regression analysis showed that the maximum yield of intercropped wheat increased by 18.76% compared with monocropped treatment and the corresponding nitrogen application rate decreased by 3.28%. Compared with monoculture,the intercropped nitrogen application rate decreased by 9.40%~12.22% and the intercropped yield increased by 18.20%,and the recommended threshold of nitrogen fertilizer for intercropping was 90~117 and 101~128 kg/hm2 for monocropped wheat while taking 85%~90% of the relative yield of wheat monoculture as the recommended threshold standard of nitrogen fertilizer application. For yield and nitrogen use efficiency,the optimal nitrogen application rate was 133 and 106 kg/hm2,respectively,for monocropped and intercropped wheat,which could increase wheat yield and ensure nitrogen application efficiency. The structural equation model analysis showed that nitrate nitrogen was the key soil factors to improve nitrogen use efficiency in intercropping system.

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冯瑞,任家兵,苏丽珍,肖靖秀,郑毅,汤利.兼顾产量和氮肥利用效率的间作体系小麦最适施氮量分析[J].中国土壤与肥料,2023,(2):152-159.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-01-16
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  • 录用日期:2022-02-28
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-05-16
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