Facing with the shortage of freshwater resources in the North China Plain，irrigated by brackish water is the effective way to solve this problem.This study investigated the effect of brackish water irrigation on the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal of winter wheat during the grain filling period.In this study，the field trials were conducted during the wheat growing seasons at the experimental station of Institute of Dryland Farming，Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences for 5 years.The treatments comprised rain-fed cultivation(NI)，fresh and saline water irrigation(FS)，saline and fresh water irrigation(SF)，saline water irrigation(SS)and fresh water irrigation(FF)during the growth stages.The results showed that SS and FS significantly increased EC in topsoil (0～10 cm)by 29.9%～52.4%.Meanwhile，SS treatment caused salt stress to winter wheat，compared with FF，it had no effect on rhizosphere microorganism diversity through brackish water irrigation treatment(FS，SS，SF) .But SS significantly increased the relative abundance of some genera biomarkers，such as Algoriphagus and Macrophomina.Nitrate-nitrogen(NO^3--N)content in topsoil significantly decreased in the range of 52.7%～65.2% in irrigation treatment(FS，SS，FF，SF) .In addition，ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N)also decreased by 27.5%～43.2%.But soil water content(SWC)increased by 42.4%～56.2% and 3%～5.2%，respectively.SWC is the main factor affecting rhizosphere bacterial diversity.Therefore，irrigation treatment significantly increased rhizosphere bacterial diversity compared with NI.But it had no effect on fungal diversity.In addition，rhizosphere microbial community structure was significantly positively correlated with soil pH and NO^3--N content，so there were differences in community structure between irrigation treatment and NI.Irrigation treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of biomarkers of Cellvibrio and Ceratobasidium.The above research shows that long-term irrigation with 3 g·L-1 brackish water has no significant impact on rhizosphere microbial diversity and community structure，but it will change the relative abundance of some genera biomarkers.It provided scientific and theoretical basis for the application of brackish water irrigation for winter wheat in the North China Plain.