In order to obtain high yield of safflower，an orthogonal experiment design of L16(45)was used to study the effects of different density，nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amount and varieties on the agronomic traits，yield and quality of safflower.The results showed that the density had no significant effect on stem diameter，but had significant effect on 100-seed weight and oil content，and had extremely significant effect on other characters.The effect of nitrogen fertilizer on plant height and oil content was not significant，but on stem diameter and seed number of fruit was significant，and on other characters was extremely significant.The effect of phosphate fertilizer on petal yield of single plant and plot was not significant，but on plant height，stem diameter and oil content was significant，and on other characters was extremely significant.The effect of potassium fertilizer on plant height，grain number and hydroxysafflor yellow A was not significant，but on other characters was extremely significant.The effect of varieties on all characters was extremely significant.Through analysis and comparison of different levels of factors，the technical model with the planting density of 12.5×104 plants/hm²(40 cm×20 cm)，the application of 375 kg/hm² of nitrogen，225 kg/hm² of phosphorus，240 kg/hm² of potassium and selected variety Yunhong No.3 could reach the best effect of increasing yield and efficiency in the main safflower area of Yunnan.