A field experiment with three treatments of free grazing，mowing and 9-year-enclosure in Stipa baicalensis meadow steppe in Ewenki Autonomous Banner，Hulunbuir city，Inner Mongolia was carried out to explore the response of soil mesofaunal community structure characteristics to 3 different types of grassland utilization modes in two consecutive years (2019 and 2020).Field sampling was carried out in returning green，growing and fade stages.A total of 284 soil mesofaunas belonging to 34 groups of 12 orders were captured.The results showed that grazing decreased the number of soil mesofauna，the number of groups and the Shannon-Weiner index，however，the effect of mowing was relatively lower.There were significant differences in the community structure of soil mesofauna in spring，summer and autumn.The number of the individuals，groups and diversity index of soil mesofauna were the highest in fade stage.Grazing and mowing changed the Shannon-Weiner，Margalef as well as Pielou index of soil mesofauna in meadow steppe growing period.The surface assemblage of soil mesofauna was the most distinct under mowing treatment.Under grazing，soil mesofauna in 0~10 cm tended to move to 10~20 cm.Soil faunal communities were closely related to soil pH and available potassium.