In this study，pig manure biogas slurry and brown soil were used as test materials，soil column culture method was used，and three treatments with soil pH of 5，7 and 9 were used to explore the influence of pH on the population dynamics of fecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the soil with biogas slurry application.The results showed that all treatments showed a trend of first increase and then decrease，reaching a peak on the 8th day of incubation and decreasing to the order of 105 cfu/kg after 60 days of incubation.Treatment of pH 7 (neutral soil) was the most favorable for the survival of E. coli，and treatment of pH 9 (alkaline soil) had the strongest inhibitory effect.On the 60th day of incubation，count of E. coli treated with soil pH 7 was higher than that of soil pH 5 and 9 treatments，which increased by 10.06% and 48.85%，respectively.With the increase of soil depth，counts of E.coli with soil pH of 5，7 and 9 showed trends of first increase and then decrease，first decrease and then increase，and first decrease and then increase，respectively，the inflection points all appeared at 15 cm.The results of neural network model analysis showed that the key factor affecting the survival of E. coli in soil was soil nitrate-N，followed by soil organic matter，and soil ammonium-N was the least important soil physico-chemical property.Soil pH not only had a direct effect on E. coli，but also exerted an indirect effect by changing the physico-chemical properties of the soil.In conclusion，pH 7 (neutral soil) was most conducive to the survival of E. coli，and pH 9 (alkaline soil) had the most inactivation effect on E. coli.