Accurately grasping spatiotemporal distribution of livestock and poultry waste and its resource utilization potential in various areas of China is helpful to formulate the measures of harmlessly treating and utilizing with regional pertinence.Based on statistical data，this study estimated the amount of livestock and poultry manure in China by using the generation coefficient method.Theil index method and cluster analysis method were used to further analyze the regional differences.The pollution situation of different regions in China was estimated by the warning value of land carrying capacity and cultivated land load.The utilization potential of livestock and poultry waste in China was estimated by using chemical fertilizer substitution method and standard coal substitution method. The results showed that: (1)From 2000 to 2019，the output of livestock and poultry waste in China increased by 24.00% and the total nitrogen and phosphorus increased by 20.45%；(2)The spatial distribution of manure，nitrogen and phosphorus showed distinct regional characteristics in China，and the intra-regional differences were the main factors causing the national differences.Eastern China and central south China were the main contributing regions of livestock and poultry waste and nitrogen and phosphorus production during the past 20 years；(3)In 2019，the agricultural land load of nitrogen and phosphorus in China did not exceed the EU standard，and only the load of livestock and poultry waste in Shandong province reached level Ⅱ，with a slight pollution risk；(4)In 2019，the replacement potential of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer from livestock and poultry wastes in China was 19.25% and 4.55%，respectively.The replacement rate of nitrogen fertilizer in Tibet and Qinghai was 279.30% and 137.99%，respectively，showing a complete replacement potential.In 2019，livestock and poultry waste was converted into 182662400 tce of standard coal，reaching 3.73% of the energy consumption replacement potential，and energy replacement can be realized with varying degrees in different regions of the country.In China，livestock and poultry waste，nitrogen and phosphorus increase rapidly in general，with obvious regional differences，and have great potential for fertilizer and energy utilization.Therefore，policies and measures with regional pertinence should be formulated to promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry waste in China.