Based on the long-term positioning experiment in Luoyang，Henan(1999-2021)，the effects of different tillage measures on soil chemical and biological properties were analyzed，the comprehensive index of soil fertility and quality was calculated by membership function and principal component analysis，and to further evaluate the long-term differences in soil fertility between different farming systems in western Henan. Four tillage treatments including traditional tillage (CT)，no-tillage (NT)，subsoiling (SS) and wheat-peanut rotation (TC) were selected. Soil samples of 0~20 and 0~40 cm were collected and soil organic carbon and other indicators were determined to analyze the effect of different tillage treatments on soil fertility and quality. The results showed that:(1)Compared with CT，the treatments of NT，SS and TC significantly increased the contents of soil organic carbon，total nitrogen，nitrate nitrogen and available potassium，and decreased the contents of soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus in the 0~20 cm soil layer. However，in the 20~40 cm soil layer，the soil nutrient content was higher in TC and CT treatments. (2)Compared with CT， NT significantly increased the microbial biomass carbon content of 0~20 cm soil layer by 19.14%. NT and SS significantly increased the activity of leucine aminopeptidase in 0~20 cm soil layer. The β-glucosidase，β-cellobiosidase，β-xylosidase，acetylglucosaminidase，leucine aminopeptidase，and alkaline phosphatase in the soil of TC had the highest enzymatic activities.(3)The comprehensive index of soil fertility quality of 0~20 cm under the four tillage measures was in descending order of TC > NT > SS > CT，and the 20~40 cm soil layer was TC > CT > SS > NT. To sum up，no-tillage and subsoiling improved topsoil organic carbon and other indicators，and the quality of soil fertility was improved，and the rotation of wheat and legume crops also improved the quality of soil fertility. Therefore，compared with traditional tillage，conservation tillage in western Henan can effectively improve soil quality.