In order to provide a scientific basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer in the production process of fragrant pear，the effects of nitrogen 0，150，300，450 kg/hm²(expressed by N0，N1，N2，N3，respectively)fertilization on the distribution and accumulation of the soil carbon in the profile were studied at the different growth stages of the fragrant pear year，and the soil drill layering sampling method was adopted.It showed that the soil organic carbon，inorganic carbon，total carbon content and accumulation of orchards gradually decreased with the growth period and the depth of the soil layer.The organic carbon profile distribution was the highest in the surface layer(0-20 cm)，which gradually decreased with the deepening of the soil layer.The distribution of inorganic carbon in the profile was the highest in the surface layer(0-20 cm)，and the fluctuation of high-low-high-low type was shown with the deepening of the soil layer.The proportion and accumulation of organic carbon components in 0-20 cm soil were larger than those in the bottom layer of 100-120 cm，while those of the inorganic carbon were the opposite.The inorganic carbon content was significantly positively correlated with the organic carbon content，with a correlation coefficient of 0.221，and there was a conversion relationship between them，and some organic carbon was converted to carbonate.The nitrogen treatment significantly improved the content and accumulation of organic carbon，inorganic carbon and total carbon in the soil，and the N2 treatment effect was better，and the content of organic carbon，inorganic carbon and total carbon in the fruits welling stage increased by 20%，40% and 31%，respectively，compared with the N0 treatment.In order to reduce the soil carbon loss and increase the carbon content of the orchard，it is recommended that the nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm² is optimal in the production of the 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear.