Soil microbiome can be divided into abundant and rare groups，and their composition is closely related to the health and function of soil ecosystem.In this study，the composition of abundant and rare bacterial communities in hilly cropland of purple soil with long-term manure application was analyzed. The results showed that the number，α diversity index and β diversity index of rare bacteria were higher than those of abundant bacteria.At the phylum level，rare bacteria contained more taxa than abundant bacteria，indicating that there were obvious differences in taxonomic composition between them.Fertilization treatments affected the number of rare groups and the abundance of abundant groups，respectively.Network analysis showed that a small number of abundant taxa occupied the central node of the network，indicating its core position in the soil bacterial ecological network.These results are helpful to understand the composition of bacterial community and its ecological network in hilly cropland of soil with long-term fertilization.